DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF AUTOMATIC PUMPING MACHINE FOR WATER SUPPLY
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Certification Dedication Acknowledgment Table of content
CHAPTER ONE 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Background of the study 1.2 Aims and objectives 1.3 Significance of the study 1.4 Limitation
CHAPTER TWO 2.0 Literature review 2.1 Calculation of the design and its layout 2.2 List and function of components and other materials used 2.3 Relays and their types
CHAPTER THREE 3.0 Wiring diagram 3.1 Circuit diagram 3.2 Specification 3.3 Electrical legend
CHAPTER FOUR
Tests carried out Casing diagram Problems encountered and solution
CHAPTER FIVE 5.0 Conclusion and Recommendation 5.1 Bill of engineering measurement and evaluation (BEME) 5.2 Appendix 5.3 References
CHAPTER ONEINTRODUCTION
Water is an indispensable and inevitable substance to all living things due to its usability and high priority among other substances and materials. Provision of a large volume of water essential due to its significant purpose, which therefore called for a means by which sufficient, and good quality water can be obtained. There are different types of water namely; well water, pipe-borne waters, rainwater, stream water, river water e.t.c. In the earlier days, the use of buckets and calabash is employed in fetching water for homes, agricultural and domestic’s uses. Later, hand pumps were developed to reduce the stress and the inconveniences, and other forms of contamination’s which arise due to direct contact of the body to the available water for consumption. Besides, only a small quantity of water can be made available due to physical factors such as tiredness, distance, and climatic factors like the dry season. Hence, to eliminate these difficulties, pumping machines is employed to perform the job of fetching water and storing it in storage tanks for future purpose. The system consists of connecting pipes, water pump, which is connected to the electric power supply and operated manually. In order to fully eliminate the stated problems and future needs for a large volume of water, the concept of an automatic pumping machine is developed. This project emphasizes the construction of an automatic pumping machine which in turns provide a simple logical, versatile and economical/circuit that turns on the pump when water in the tank fall below the minimum level and also off process is achieved by the incorporating of the following to the pumping system:The sensor: This measures the physical states such as the level of the water.The responder: which responses to what is being sensed, comprises electrical and mechanical devices.The actuator: This actuates the responder to sense the water level in the tank to perform the switching operation.In summary, the automatic control system is very effective, efficient and consequently reduces labor cost, flooding, manpower, and provides enough water for usage.
Background of the study.This project is carried out so as to provide a means of reducing the stress involved in fetching water, wastage of water, and flooding which may result from overfilling of the tank and eventually reduce to a minimum, if not eliminating damages to the pumping machine.
Aim and ObjectivesThe aims and objectives of this project are: To reduce the labor involved in operating pumping machines manually. To prevent or protect the coil of the pumping machine from being burnt as a result of continuous work beyond its operating time. To pump water automatically from water sources. To prevent wastage of natural resources (water in particular) and flooding of premises. To prevent the machine from sucking mud and or air when there is no water in the well or source of water supply.
Scope of the StudyThe project is designed to provide a means of storing water for the benefit of mankind and industrial purpose. The control section is used for the control of water level to various sizes of tank or reservoir. The minimum and maximum levels of water in the tank are determined by the probe.
Significance of StudyThe significance of the study is to design a means of mankind water available in the storage tank for future uses such as domestic, industrial, Agricultural, and economic purposes, which are beneficial to mankind. It also reduces labor coil, wastage of water resulting from filling of the tank, which can eventually lead to flooding. Consequently, it enables the long life span of the pumping machine.
MethodologyIn the course of searching for information on this project, we consulted some learned professionals, lecturers, relevant textbooks, such as electrical drafting and design for the HND students, journals, and past project reports in the library of the institution e.g Federal Polytechnic, Ede, Osun State, and browsing on the Internet to acquire relevant information on the design and construction of the project.
Limitation of the ProjectThe major limitation of the study is that it cannot be used when there is no power supply from the Power Holding Company of Nigeria (PHCN) unless an alternative means of power supply is designed to power the project.
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