LABORATORY EVALUATION ON LEAF POWDER OF PEPPER FRUIT (Dennettia tripetala) AGAINST MAIZE WEEVIL (Sitophilus zeamais)


LABORATORY EVALUATION ON LEAF POWDER OF PEPPER FRUIT (Dennettia tripetala) AGAINST MAIZE WEEVIL (Sitophilus zeamais)  

ABSTRACT

Laboratory studies were conducted to evaluate the insecticidal properties of Dennettia tripetala against maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais). 100g of maize were weighed into white plastic cups and treated with 0%, 5% and 10% powders of D. tripetala. Parameters considered were mortality and progeny development. The treatment was applied as direct admixture. The results showed significant weevil mortality after 96 hours of exposure compared with the control. Also, significant (P<0.05) adult emergence (466) was observed at 5% while 10% recorded lower (433.4) adult emergence. The mortality at both 5% and 10% could suppress progeny development compared with the control. This study showed that powder of D. tripetala can be used effectively in the management of S. zeamais in post-harvest systems.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

                                      Page

Cover page    -    -    -    -    -    -    -    -    i

Certification        -    -    -    -    -    -    -    ii

Dedication    -    -    -    -    -    -    -    -    iii

Acknowledgement        -    -    -    -    -    -    iv

Table of content        -    -    -    -    -    -    v

List of tables    -    -    -    -    -    -    -    vii

Abstract    -    -    -    -    -    -    -    -    viii

CHAPTER ONE

1.0    Introduction        -    -    -    -    -    -    1

CHAPTER TWO

2.0    Literature review    -    -    -    -    -    -    4

2.1    Laboratory evaluation of different powders from Dennettia tripetala as protectants against pests    -    4

2.2    Uses of plant powders as protectants against damage by storage pest     -    -    -    -    -    -    5

2.3    Uses of plant, extracts and as protectants against damage by storage pest    -    -    -    -    -    -    8

2.4    Uses of plant oils as protectant against damage by storage pest    -    -    -    -    -    -    -   

2.5    Evaluation of insecticidal properties of pepper fruit, Dennettia tripetala against maize weevil Sitophilus zeamais  -    -    13

CHAPTER THREE

3.0    Materials and methods    -    -    -    -    -    16

3.1    Culturing of insects    -    -    -    -    -    16

3.2    Source of maize grain    -    -    -    -    -    16

3.3    Source and preparation of plant material     -    -    17

3.4    Laboratory procedure    -    -    -    -    -    17

3.5    Weevil mortality    -    -    -    -    -    -    17

3.6    Progeny development    -    -    -    -    -    18

3.7    Data analysis    -    -    -    -    -    -    18

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0    Results    -    -    -    -    -    -    -    19

4.1.1    Insect Mortality    -    -    -    -    -    19

4.1.2    Progeny development    -    -    -    -    20

4.2    Discussion    -    -    -    -    -    -    -    21

    4.2.1    Insect mortality    -    -    -    -    -    21

    4.2.2    Progeny development    -    -    -    -    22

CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

5.0    Summary and Conclusion    -    -    -    -    23

References    -    -    -    -    -    -    -    24

Appendices        -    -    -    -    -    -    35

CHAPTER ONE

1.0    INTRODUCTION

Maize (Zea mays) is an important food in many tropical, sub-tropical and warm temperate countries, including most parts of tropical Africa (Onwueme and Sinha, 1991). It is also used extensively as the main source of calories in animal feeds and feed formulation.

The economic situation in a developing country like Nigeria is adversely affected mostly by post harvest losses of Agricultural products which are usually encountered especially during storage caused by pests and other spoilage agents (Arannilewa et al, 2002).

The overall goal of storage is to ensure food security and agricultural commodities are preserved in storage for the attainment of price stabilization, national and domestic food security, provision of raw materials for industry and international trade, provision for a country’s strategic stock, enhancement of a nations’ international status and provision of seeds, (Lale 2002).

Severe attack by insects is one of the major constraints in profitable production and efficient storage of cereal grains. Sitophilus zeamais is one of the most destructive pest of stored grain and the primary pests of stored maize in the world (Bekele, 2002). This insect has a wide host range with a high capacity to penetrate grain mass and can infest grains in field as well as in storage and accounts for about 50% of loss in stored maize.

Though various synthetic insecticides have been developed over the years for the control of S. zeamais, the cost of purchase, negative environmental impacts of synthetic insecticides including harm on non-target species, insect resistance, high mammalian toxicity and health hazards are some problems of using synthetic insecticides and these have necessitated research interest on the development of alternative control measures preferably botanical insecticides as it is safe and biodegradable.

Plants produce secondary metabolites many of which act as natural defence against insects and disease causing micro organisms (Potenza et al; 2004). Secondary metabolites from plant species have been identified which include alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids which can have insecticidal properties, (Vendramim and Castiglioni, 2000; Potenza et al, 2004).

    Dennettia tripetala (pepper fruit) is an indigenous fruit tree of the family Annonaceae (Etukudo, 2000). Dennettia tripetala is a well-known forest fruit and spicy indigenous medicinal plant. It is widely domesticated in the southern, eastern and western parts of Nigeria. A survey of existing literatures shows that pepper fruits contain Dennettia essential oils and phenolic acids (Anyaele and Amusan, 2003), ethanol (Okwu and Morah, 2004), alkaloids (Rossana et al; 2003), ethylacetate, flavonoids, tannis and glycosides.

This study evaluated leaf powder from Dennettia tripetala as stored maize protectant against Sitophilus zeamais.

The objectives were to:

1.    determine the toxicity of D. tripetala leaf powder against S. zeamais

2.    determine the effect of D. tripetala  leaf powder on the progeny development of S. zeamais.

.


TYPE IN YOUR TOPIC AND CLICK SEARCH.






RESEARCHWAP.COM

Researchwap.com is an online repository for free project topics and research materials, articles and custom writing of research works. We’re an online resource centre that provides a vast database for students to access numerous research project topics and materials. Researchwap.com guides and assist Postgraduate, Undergraduate and Final Year Students with well researched and quality project topics, topic ideas, research guides and project materials. We’re reliable and trustworthy, and we really understand what is called “time factor”, that is why we’ve simplified the process so that students can get their research projects ready on time. Our platform provides more educational services, such as hiring a writer, research analysis, and software for computer science research and we also seriously adhere to a timely delivery.

TESTIMONIES FROM OUR CLIENTS


Please feel free to carefully review some written and captured responses from our satisfied clients.

  • "Exceptionally outstanding. Highly recommend for all who wish to have effective and excellent project defence. Easily Accessable, Affordable, Effective and effective."

    Debby Henry George, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, USA.
  • "I saw this website on facebook page and I did not even bother since I was in a hurry to complete my project. But I am totally amazed that when I visited the website and saw the topic I was looking for and I decided to give a try and now I have received it within an hour after ordering the material. Am grateful guys!"

    Hilary Yusuf, United States International University Africa, Nairobi, Kenya.
  • "Researchwap.com is a website I recommend to all student and researchers within and outside the country. The web owners are doing great job and I appreciate them for that. Once again, thank you very much "researchwap.com" and God bless you and your business! ."

    Debby Henry George, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, USA.
  • "I love what you guys are doing, your material guided me well through my research. Thank you for helping me achieve academic success."

    Sampson, University of Nigeria, Nsukka.
  • "researchwap.com is God-sent! I got good grades in my seminar and project with the help of your service, thank you soooooo much."

    Cynthia, Akwa Ibom State University .
  • "Great User Experience, Nice flows and Superb functionalities.The app is indeed a great tech innovation for greasing the wheels of final year, research and other pedagogical related project works. A trial would definitely convince you."

    Lamilare Valentine, Kwame Nkrumah University, Kumasi, Ghana.
  • "Sorry, it was in my spam folder all along, I should have looked it up properly first. Please keep up the good work, your team is quite commited. Am grateful...I will certainly refer my friends too."

    Elizabeth, Obafemi Awolowo University
  • "Am happy the defense went well, thanks to your articles. I may not be able to express how grateful I am for all your assistance, but on my honour, I owe you guys a good number of referrals. Thank you once again."

    Ali Olanrewaju, Lagos State University.
  • "My Dear Researchwap, initially I never believed one can actually do honest business transactions with Nigerians online until i stumbled into your website. You have broken a new legacy of record as far as am concerned. Keep up the good work!"

    Willie Ekereobong, University of Port Harcourt.
  • "WOW, SO IT'S TRUE??!! I can't believe I got this quality work for just 3k...I thought it was scam ooo. I wouldn't mind if it goes for over 5k, its worth it. Thank you!"

    Theressa, Igbinedion University.
  • "I did not see my project topic on your website so I decided to call your customer care number, the attention I got was epic! I got help from the beginning to the end of my project in just 3 days, they even taught me how to defend my project and I got a 'B' at the end. Thank you so much researchwap.com, infact, I owe my graduating well today to you guys...."

    Joseph, Abia state Polytechnic.
  • "My friend told me about ResearchWap website, I doubted her until I saw her receive her full project in less than 15 miniutes, I tried mine too and got it same, right now, am telling everyone in my school about researchwap.com, no one has to suffer any more writing their project. Thank you for making life easy for me and my fellow students... Keep up the good work"

    Christiana, Landmark University .
  • "I wish I knew you guys when I wrote my first degree project, it took so much time and effort then. Now, with just a click of a button, I got my complete project in less than 15 minutes. You guys are too amazing!."

    Musa, Federal University of Technology Minna
  • "I was scared at first when I saw your website but I decided to risk my last 3k and surprisingly I got my complete project in my email box instantly. This is so nice!!!."

    Ali Obafemi, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Niger State.
  • To contribute to our success story, send us a feedback or please kindly call 2348037664978.
    Then your comment and contact will be published here also with your consent.

    Thank you for choosing researchwap.com.