RECYCLING OF POLYETHYLENE WASTE MATERIALS TO USEFUL PRODUCTS VIA PYROLYSIS.
A b s t r a c t
Recycling of polyethylene waste to useful product is a way to reduce environmental problems caused by polymeric waste accumulation generated from day-to-day applications of polymer materials such packaging and construction. The recycling of polymeric waste helps to conserve natural resource because the most of polymer materials are made from oil and gas. This paper reviews the recent progress on recycling of polymeric waste form some traditional polymers and their systems (blends and composites) such as polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and polystyrene (PS), and introduces the mechanical and chemical recycling concepts. In addition, the effect of mechanical recycling on properties including the mechanical, thermal, rheological and processing properties of the recycled materials is
Highlighted in the present paper.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title pages - - - - - - - - - - i
Declaration - - - - - - - - - - ii
Certification of approval - - - - - - - - iii
Dedication - - - - - - - - - - iv
Acknowledgement - - - - - - - - - v
Abstract - - - - - - - - - - vi
Table of contents - - - - - - - - - vii
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction - - - - - - - - - 1
1.1 Aim - - - - - - - - - - 2
1.2 Objectives - - - - - - - - - - 3
1.3 Significant of the study - - - - - - - - 4
1.4 Scope - - - - - - - - - - 5
CHAPTER TOW
2.0 Literature Review - - - - - - - - - 6
2.1 Pyrolysis - - - - - - - - - 7
2.2 Forms of pyrolysis - - - - - - - - 8
2.3 Types of pyrolsis - - - - - - - - - 9
2.4 Basic pyroylsis - - - - - - - - - 10
2.5 Objectives / important of pyroylsis - - - - - - 11
2.6 Classification of pyroylsis - - - - - - - 12
2.7 principle of pyroylsis - - - - - - - - 13
2.8 pyroylsis Reactor - - - - - - - - - 14
2.9 Application of pyroylsis - - - - - - - - 15
2.9.0 Catalysts of pyrolysis - - - - - - - - 16
2.9.1 Catalysts classification of pyroylsis - - - - - - 17
CHAPTER THREE
MATERIALS AND METHODS
3.0 Preamble - - - - - - - - - - 18
3.1 Materials - - - - - - - - - - 19
3.1.0 Procedure - - - - - - - - - - 20
COLLECTION AND PRPARATION OF MATERIALS
3.1.1 Waste pure water sachets - - - - - - - - 21
3.1.2 Reactor model - - - - - - - - - 22
3.1.3 Reactor Figure - - - - - - - - - 23
3.1.4 Gas cylinder - - - - - - - - - 24
3.1.5 Thermal Procedure - - - - - - - - 25
3.1.6 Catalytic procedure - - - - - - - - 26
CHAPTER FOUR
Procedure for GC Analysis
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 Conclusion
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
References
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY: RECYCLING OF POLYETHYLENE WASTE MATERIALS TO USEFUL PRODUCTS VIA PYROLYSIS.
Recycling is a dynamic process that restores the life cycle of a material. Also recycling refers to as a process of collecting and processing materials that would otherwise be thrown away as trash and turning them into a new product. Recycling as well reduce the consumption of fresh raw materials, energy usage, water and air pollution and lower green house gas emission as compared to plastic production. (Roach John 2003).
Polyethene plastic bags are petroleum-based so the manufacturing process releases harmful pollutants into the atmosphere. Some speculate that these emissions and other smog-related types of pollution accumulate over time in the atmosphere. Uioolk1
Countries and large corporations are beginning to realize the threat that these plastic bags pose to our planet. Many are proposing or have already enacted laws and taxes to decrease the use of polyethylene plastic bags. Many grocery stores are even rewarding customers for bringing reusable grocery bags as an alternative to these polyethylene plastic bags. Customers choosing not to use alternatives to plastic bags either find the alternatives are inconvenient or are simply unaware of the problem at hand.
Polyethylene recycling bags are currently being used all over the world but there is currently no environmentally friendly way to dispose of them.
The rate of consumption of plastic materials in the world is highly expanding, more waste plastics are generated. In past years, their generation amount in China becomes about six million per year, according to data from the National Institute of Environmental Research (Roach John 2005).
Typically, raw materials are manufactured into products for consumption. Leftovers are then thrown away. This linear process, from extraction of raw materials, to production, then consumption and disposal, has created a waste crisis.
To reduce this one-way flow of re-sources to overburdened waste disposal facilities, materials no longer needed or wanted can be remanufactured. (Roach John 2003).
1.2 AIM OF THE STUDY:
The aim is to recycle polyethylene waste materials to useful products via pyrolysis.
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:
The objectives of this work are includes:-
(a). To collect the polyethylene waste materials (discarded water sachets plastic bottle )
(b). To carry out thermal pyrolysis of the materials at temperature of 300oC – 350oC
(c). To monitor the quantity of fuel gas and hydrocarbon liquids evolved
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY:
The significance studies of recycling polyethylene waste materials via pyrolysis are:
It serve as an economics important to the society or nations
The recycling of polyethylene waste materials to useful appear intervene with our consuming society where it will be hard to imaging in modern society today without plastic which have found amyriad of used in fields as diverse as household appliance, packaging, construction, medicine and electronic.
The recycling of polyethylene waste help in an industrial production of plastic and polymer products such as sachet water, plastic bottle, rubber paint, e.t.c. As sources of raw materials to produces other useful product from those polyethylene waste materials.
It helps in prevent waste pollutant from an environment.
1.5 SCOPES OF THE STUDY:
The research is restricted to the recycling of polyethylene products, arising specifically from Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE). No attempt is made to suggest new production process. the study does not include of alternative materials.
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.0 Conclusion
The project research work was carried out with the aim of determining the recycling of polyethylene waste to useful product via pyroysis using low density polyethylene
.