FUNGAL COLONIZATION ON HUMAN BODY SURFACES.
ABSTRACT
The samples of male and female body surfaces in Osun State Polytechnic Iree were collected for culturing analysis. Two fungi were isolated and identified from all the skin surface samples collected and were Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Aspergillus niger.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE I
CERTIFICATION II
APPROVAL PAGE III
DEDICATION IV
ACKNOWLEDGMENT V
TABLE OF CONTENTS VI
ABSTRACT VII
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION 1
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW 2 – 4
2.1 PURPOSE OF STUDY 4
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 MATERIALS AND METHODS 5
3.1 MATERIALS USED 5
3.2 STERILIZATION OF MATERIALS 5
3.3 COLLECTION OF SAMPLE 5
3.4 PREPARATION OF MEDIA 5
3.5 INOCULATION OF MEDIA 5
3.6 SUB-CULTURING OF FUNGAL ISOLATES 6
3.7 MAINTENANCE OF PURE CULTURE 6
3.8 CHARACTERIZATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF 6
FUNGAL ISOLATES 6
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 7
4.1 RESULT 7
4.2 DESCRIPTION OF FUNGAL ISOLATES 8
4.3 DISCUSSION 9
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 10 – 11
REFERENCES 12
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Fungi are a major group of living things, originally considered plants lacking chlorophyll, leaves, true stems, roots and reproducing by spores, but now treated as the separate kingdom fungi.
They occur in all environments on the planet and include important decomposers and parasites. Parasitic fungi infect animals including human, other animals, birds, and insects with consequences varying from mild itching to death, in general, humans have a high level of inmate immunity to fungi and most of the infections they cause are mild and self limiting (Adeleke, 2006).
Fungi are contacted during our everyday routines, some which are potentially pathogenic to human and other not human could be exposed simply by walking by a construction areas were the oil has been disturbed and scattered into the wind by the machinery, also can be exposed while jogging, hiking, hunting and fishing. The study of fungi as animal and human pathogen is called mycology (Emmons 1979)
Also, they are eukaryotic, unicellular, or multi-cellular organisms that, because they lack chlorophyll, are dependent upon external food sources. They are ubiquitous in all environments and play a vital role in the Earth’s ecology by decomposing organic matter. Familiar fungi includes yeasts, rusts, smuts, mushrooms, puffballs, and bracket fungi. Many species of fungi live as commensal organisms in or on the surfaces of the human body. “Mold” is the common term for multicellular fungi that growths as a material of intertwined microscopic filaments (hyphae). Exposure of molds and other fungi and their spores is unavoidable except when the most stringent of air filtration, isolation, and environmental sanitation measures are observed, e.g in organ transplant isolation units.
Molds and other fungi may adversely affect human health through three processes. (1) allergy (2) infection and (3) toxicity. One can estimate that about 10% of the population has allergic antibodies to fungal antigens. Only half of these, or 5%, would be expected to show clinical illness. Furthermore, outdoor molds are generally more abundant and important in airway allergic disease than indoor molds leaving the latter with an important, but minor over all role in allergic airway disease.
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 CONCLUSION
Human skin microflora are important because it plays a strong role in regulating the feeding behaviour and the maintenance of good health. The presence of human skin microflora essential for immunity as these residence microbes defend their territory against diseases causing microbes. After isolation some fungi are present in human body surfaces e.g Saccharonyces cerevisiae. In addition skin microflora perform many important function for us, producing vitamins, help in digestion of food and working as in an essential part of our immune system.
5.1 RECOMMENDATION
Since all these organism are responsible for one disease or the other on human being when it is inhaled or come in contact with it. It should therefore be recommend that proper hygiene must be monitored among the people in the community, there should be health education to the people in the rural area to understand the risk of exposure to unhygienic environment like soil, building works on a renal transplant unit. Also individuals should take steps to minimize their exposure to molds and other air bone allergens e.g. dust mite, pollens.
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