EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND EMOTIONAL LABOUR AS DETERMINANTS OF ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT AMONG PUBLIC SERVANTS


EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND EMOTIONAL LABOUR AS DETERMINANTS OF ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT AMONG PUBLIC SERVANTS

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the study

The Workplace is an environment for upgrading, improving and reforming the traits related to emotional intelligence competencies such as perception and control of emotions.

Emotional intelligence is an important forecaster of key organizational outcomes including job satisfaction, organizational commitment among civil servants. A person who is able to understand and isaware of one's own feelings, and controls stress, negative emotions, and feelingof frustration, can certainly have better relationships with colleagues and supervisors, which ends in increasing job satisfaction, organizational commitment and better jobperformance (Bernard).

Emotional intelligenceexplains the ability to perceive, control and evaluate emotions.In 1990, researchers defined emotional intelligence as the subset of social intelligence which involves the ability to monitor one's own and others' feelings and emotions, to discriminate among them and to use this information to guide one's thinking and actions. It is believed that emotional intelligence can be learned and strengthened, while others believe it is an inborn trait.Some emotional and social competencies are important in the workplace,which include adjustment in the face of the problems, self-management, interpersonal effectiveness, discussionskills in the face of different opinions and disagreement. Emotional intelligence improves the performance of theorganizations, and has an important role in productivity and effectiveness of the organizations; therefore, employeeswith high emotional intelligence are considered invaluable assets (Yagazie: 2000).

Public service by nature is a service-oriented organization. Governmentalactivities are allotted to the ministries who in turn are expected to deliver services to thepublic. Thus, as service providers, the ministries are always in constant touch with themembers of the public. This interaction goes a long way in the public perception andassessment of government performance. No matter how unpleasant their job is, publicservants have to keep their feelings under control in order to safeguard, the interest oftheir employer. It is at this point that emotional labour comes in. Emotional labor is a requirement of a job that employees display required emotions toward customers or others. More specifically, emotional labor comes into play during communication between worker and citizen and between worker and worker (Wikipedia).Emotional labour holdsthat employees should display emotions that comply with certain expression norms orrules of the organization which help to create desired state of mind in the customer. Bythis, employees are expected to appear happy, nice and glad when rendering service totheir customers regardless of any private misgivings or any different feelings they mayhave.

Organizational commitment is considered an important forecaster for somepositive and negative outcome variables. Employees with strong affective commitment to the organization perform better than those with lower levels ofaffective commitment. It is positively related with employees’ motivation, job performance, and job satisfaction, andnegatively related with absenteeism and turnover, as well as stress. Uncommittedemployees not only had the lowest level of acceptance of organizational values, but they also felt alienated from theorganization. (Scarborough and Somers, 2006) Salovey and Mayer (1990, p. 189) define emotional intelligence as“the ability to monitor one's own and others' feelings, to discriminate among them, and to use this information toguide one's thinking and action.” Human resources who have the ability to communicate with each other effectivelycan lead the organization toward success and effectiveness. Therefore, individuals recruited in the organizationsshould be aware of and understand emotions in the self while knowing that they are, what they believe in, whatthey say, what they think, how they make decisions, how not to get angry, how to control one's emotions in differentconditions, and how to act with others. In such a situation, they will be able to recognize and control emotions in others.

1.2 Statement of the problem

Employees with high emotionalintelligence confront low occupational stress in their job environment, yet employees with low emotionalintelligence have less self-awareness, and as a result, in the face of difficult conditions, they are not able to copewith their feelings and have too much stress which, in turn, has a negative influence on their job satisfaction and commitment.

1.3 Objectives of the study 

The main objective of this study is to examine emotional intelligence and emotional labour as determinant of organizational commitment among public servants.

2. Toinvestigate the effect of emotional intelligence and emotional labour.

3. To look at the predictability of emotional labourfrom the combination of emotional intelligence, self-efficacy and organizational commitment.

1.4 Research questions

1. In spite of economic, hierarchical, and management problems in an organizations, especially in the public organizations, can emotional intelligence be a solution for increasingjob satisfaction and organizational commitment and diminishing occupational stress in the workplace? 

2. Are thereother factors and variables having mediatory roles in the effects of emotional intelligence on organizationaloutcomes such as organizational commitment?

3. What is the pattern of relationship among emotional intelligence, self-efficacy,pay satisfaction and emotional labour?

4. What is the overall effects of emotional intelligence, self-efficacy and paysatisfaction on emotional labour?

1.5 Research hypotheses

Ho:there is no significant negative relationship between emotional intelligence and emotional labour.

Hi: there is significant negative relationship between emotional intelligence and emotional labour.

Ho: Employees with strong affective commitment to the organization do not perform better than those with lower levels of affective commitment.

Hi:Employees with strong affective commitment to the organizationperform better than those with lower levels of affective commitment.

1.5 Significance of the study

1. This study will help and teach individuals recruited in the organizations to be aware of and understand emotions in the self while knowing that they are what they believe in, what they say, what they think, how they make decisions, how not to get angry, how to control one's emotions in different conditions, and how to act with others. 

2. The study will teach staff, individuals how to able to recognize and control emotions in others.

1.7 Scope/Limitations of the study

This study on emotional intelligence and emotional labour as determinant of organizational commitment among public servants.

Limitations of study

1. Financial constraint- Insufficient fund tends to impede the efficiency of the researcher in sourcing for the relevant materials, literature or information and in the process of data collection (internet, questionnaire and interview).

2. Time constraint- The researcher will simultaneously engage in this study with other academic work. This consequently will cut down on the time devoted for the research work.

1.8 Definition of terms

Emotional intelligence:defined emotional intelligence as the subset of social intelligence which involves the ability to monitor one's own and others' feelings and emotions, to discriminate among them and to use this information to guide one's thinking and actions.

Emotional labour:Emotional labor is a requirement of a job that employees display required emotions toward customers or others.

Public servant:is a service which is provided by government to people living within its jurisdiction, either directly (through the public sector) or by financing provision of services.Organization:the act or process of organizing.Organizational commitment:is a concept that has to do with the degree of commitment and loyalty that employees exhibit toward employers.Commitment: the act of committing.

REFERENCES

Ashforth, B.E. & Humphrey, R.H. (1993). Emotion in the workplace: A reappraisal.

Human Relations, 48, 2, 97-125.

Ashforth, B.E. & Humphrey, R.H. (1993). Emotional labour in service roles: The

influence of identity. Academy of Management Review, 18, 1, 88-15.

Bandura, A. (1990). Reflection on non-ability determinants of competence.In R.J.

Sternberg & J. KolligianJr (Eds.), Competences Considered (pp. 315-362). New

Haven, CT: Yale University Press.

Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: Freeman.

Bandura, A. (1999). Social cognitive theory of personality. In L.A. Pervin and O.P. John

(Eds.) Handbook of Personality (pp. 194-196). New York: the Guilford Press.

Bernard, C.I. (1938). Functions of the Executives Cambridge, M.A.: Belknap Press.

Leather, P., Beale, D., & Sullivan, L. (2003).Noise, psychosocial stress and their interaction in the workplace.Journal of Environmental Psychology, 23, 213-222.

Lopes, P. N., Grewal, D., Kadis, J., Gall, M. &Salovey, P. (2006). Evidence that emotional intelligence is

related to job performance and affect and attitudes at work. Psicothema, 18, 132-138.

Mathieu, J.E., &Zajac, D.M. (1990).A review and meta-analysis of the antecedents, correlates, and consequencesof organizational commitment.Psychological Bulletin, 108 (2), 171–194.

Mayer, J.D., Salovey, P. &Coruso, D.R. (2000)a. Models of emotional intelligence. In R.J. Sternberg (Ed.), Thehandbook of intelligence (pp.396-420). New York: Cambridge university Press. In P. Salovey& J. D.

Mayer (Eds.), (2004). Emotional intelligence key readings on the Mayer and Salovey Model.DUDE.

Mayer, J.D., Salovey, P. &Coruso, D.R. (2000????b. Emotional intelligence as zeitgeist, as personality, and as amental ability.In R. Bar-On & J. D. A. Parker (Eds.), The Handbook of Emotional Intelligence, ossey-Bass,New York, NY.

Meyer, J.P., Stanley, D.J., Herscovitch, L., &Topolnytsky, L. (2002). Affective, continuance and normative

commitment to the organization: A meta-analysis of antecedents, correlates and consequences. Journal ofVocational Behavior, 61, 20–52. 

Mobley, W.H., (1977). Intermediate linkages in the relationship between job satisfaction and employee turnover.Journal of Applied Psychology, 62 (2), 237-240.

.


TYPE IN YOUR TOPIC AND CLICK SEARCH.






RESEARCHWAP.COM

Researchwap.com is an online repository for free project topics and research materials, articles and custom writing of research works. We’re an online resource centre that provides a vast database for students to access numerous research project topics and materials. Researchwap.com guides and assist Postgraduate, Undergraduate and Final Year Students with well researched and quality project topics, topic ideas, research guides and project materials. We’re reliable and trustworthy, and we really understand what is called “time factor”, that is why we’ve simplified the process so that students can get their research projects ready on time. Our platform provides more educational services, such as hiring a writer, research analysis, and software for computer science research and we also seriously adhere to a timely delivery.

TESTIMONIES FROM OUR CLIENTS


Please feel free to carefully review some written and captured responses from our satisfied clients.

  • "Exceptionally outstanding. Highly recommend for all who wish to have effective and excellent project defence. Easily Accessable, Affordable, Effective and effective."

    Debby Henry George, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, USA.
  • "I saw this website on facebook page and I did not even bother since I was in a hurry to complete my project. But I am totally amazed that when I visited the website and saw the topic I was looking for and I decided to give a try and now I have received it within an hour after ordering the material. Am grateful guys!"

    Hilary Yusuf, United States International University Africa, Nairobi, Kenya.
  • "Researchwap.com is a website I recommend to all student and researchers within and outside the country. The web owners are doing great job and I appreciate them for that. Once again, thank you very much "researchwap.com" and God bless you and your business! ."

    Debby Henry George, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, USA.
  • "I love what you guys are doing, your material guided me well through my research. Thank you for helping me achieve academic success."

    Sampson, University of Nigeria, Nsukka.
  • "researchwap.com is God-sent! I got good grades in my seminar and project with the help of your service, thank you soooooo much."

    Cynthia, Akwa Ibom State University .
  • "Great User Experience, Nice flows and Superb functionalities.The app is indeed a great tech innovation for greasing the wheels of final year, research and other pedagogical related project works. A trial would definitely convince you."

    Lamilare Valentine, Kwame Nkrumah University, Kumasi, Ghana.
  • "Sorry, it was in my spam folder all along, I should have looked it up properly first. Please keep up the good work, your team is quite commited. Am grateful...I will certainly refer my friends too."

    Elizabeth, Obafemi Awolowo University
  • "Am happy the defense went well, thanks to your articles. I may not be able to express how grateful I am for all your assistance, but on my honour, I owe you guys a good number of referrals. Thank you once again."

    Ali Olanrewaju, Lagos State University.
  • "My Dear Researchwap, initially I never believed one can actually do honest business transactions with Nigerians online until i stumbled into your website. You have broken a new legacy of record as far as am concerned. Keep up the good work!"

    Willie Ekereobong, University of Port Harcourt.
  • "WOW, SO IT'S TRUE??!! I can't believe I got this quality work for just 3k...I thought it was scam ooo. I wouldn't mind if it goes for over 5k, its worth it. Thank you!"

    Theressa, Igbinedion University.
  • "I did not see my project topic on your website so I decided to call your customer care number, the attention I got was epic! I got help from the beginning to the end of my project in just 3 days, they even taught me how to defend my project and I got a 'B' at the end. Thank you so much researchwap.com, infact, I owe my graduating well today to you guys...."

    Joseph, Abia state Polytechnic.
  • "My friend told me about ResearchWap website, I doubted her until I saw her receive her full project in less than 15 miniutes, I tried mine too and got it same, right now, am telling everyone in my school about researchwap.com, no one has to suffer any more writing their project. Thank you for making life easy for me and my fellow students... Keep up the good work"

    Christiana, Landmark University .
  • "I wish I knew you guys when I wrote my first degree project, it took so much time and effort then. Now, with just a click of a button, I got my complete project in less than 15 minutes. You guys are too amazing!."

    Musa, Federal University of Technology Minna
  • "I was scared at first when I saw your website but I decided to risk my last 3k and surprisingly I got my complete project in my email box instantly. This is so nice!!!."

    Ali Obafemi, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Niger State.
  • To contribute to our success story, send us a feedback or please kindly call 2348037664978.
    Then your comment and contact will be published here also with your consent.

    Thank you for choosing researchwap.com.