USERS PERCEPTION OF GATED ESTATE IN LAGELU LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, IBADAN


USERS PERCEPTION OF GATED ESTATE IN LAGELU LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, IBADAN  

ABSTRACT

There is a general concern for safety in most African cities, including Nigeria. This concern has continuously given rise to the emergence of an enclosed neighbourhood in the prevention and the control of crime, violence and incivility. This study examined users’ perception of gated estates in Largelu Local Government Area, Ibadan South East Local Government Area Ibadan. The study adopted survey research design. Simple random sampling techniques was used in selecting the respondents of the study. The data for the study were collected using questionnaire. The data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics of frequency, percentage, mean and correlation. The result from the analysis revealed that   housing pattern is one of the characteristics that differentiate properties in gated estate from non-gated properties in Largelu Local Government Area. Also, the facilities infrastructure like electricity, good drainage system, water system and management system were other characteristics that differentiate gated estate from non-gated estates. The public perceived that gated estates are not affordable, not available. Also perceived that gated estate have bad security condition. However, majority of the public have indifferent perception about the affordability, availability, choice of construction design, security, location, social status and return on investment of gated estate. Furthermore, the study revealed that security, privacy, luxurious lifestyle, location, prestige and segregation, facilities and amenities, availability of infrastructure and social homogeneity are the factors influencing users’ perception of gated estates in the study area. Based on this findings, the study recommends among others that since housing pattern are some of the basic futures that differentiate gated estate from non-gated estate, gated estate should have a unified housing pattern as this will assist in distinguishing gated estate from non-gated.

CHAPTER ONE

1.1      INTRODUCTION

In both developed and developing economies, housing holds a significant importance to households, as they are the largest fixed capital investment made by the household. The home creates a significant impact on human beings. Its functionality is not restricted to provision of shelter and security but also caters to the psychological and sociological needs of its users (1). 

In the late 20th century, an ancient urban form began to reappear in modern settlements. Fortified and enclave developments have become an increasingly common feature of contemporary suburban building patterns. Older neighbourhoods in some cities are closing off streets to enhance local security and reduce traffic. In general, postmodern cities are becoming more defended, and more defensible, than were industrial cities. What Ellin calls an ``architecture of fear'' is turning the urban environment into an enclosed and privatized realm. Gated developments ``challenge the spatial, organizational, and institutional order that has shaped modern cities''.

A GC is a physical area or region that is enclosed, restricted, fenced or walled off from its environs and surroundings, controlling, monitoring or prohibiting access to the area or neighbourhood using booms or gates (2). It is a built-up residential neighbourhood with gates and walls enclosing the development, which exclude non-residents from all interior amenities and services including recreation facilities, open space, residences, and activities (3);(4). The factors that contributed to the level of residents’ safety in gated communities are an under-researched issue. More evaluative studies must be carried out on this. This study is one view of the topic and an exploration of the influences of physical and social characteristics on residents’ perception of safety in gated communities in Ibadan.

Many studies, especially from many Nigeria and African authors, had at one time or the other looked at the issues of safety and gated communities, for example, (8) studied the architecture of fear; urban design and construction, and response to urban violence. He studied how the contemporary landscape is shaped by Nigeria society’s preoccupation with fear, as apparent in home design, safety systems, gated communities and semi-public spaces.

In Nigeria, the colonial precursor to contemporary gating was the government-reserved area (GRA), a fortified enclave of residences for the rich, ruling elite, which reflected the status-related factor. In the case of Lagos, it analyses the typical generic forms of gated housing at individual and neighbourhood levels, linking the mushrooming of such ‘armored housing’ and gated estates to security concerns. He notes that, except for the palaces of traditional rulers, which have historically had gates, the concept of separation from society by creating barriers and gates, is recent to urban life in southern Nigeria, where much of urban life was predicated on the interaction and association of residents, with the street as the site for these exchanges. The ‘native’ city had walled and exclusive residences only for chiefs and other dignitaries in traditional society, as had always been the case amongst the Yoruba, who have lineage links with the ancient Benin kingdom, noted for its walled city and residences. With the introduction of gated living, there has been a significant transformation of living space and work-life rituals for the urban residents.

Furthermore, there has been a considerable growth of interest in recent years surrounding the emergence of ‘gated communities’, ‘fortified enclaves’ and other forms of privatized public space. Man being protective about land and his environment resulted in the formation or creation of residential gated communities.

There is a general concern for safety in most African cities, including Nigeria. This concern has continuously given rise to the emergence of an enclosed neighbourhood in the prevention and the control of crime, violence and incivility. The private initiatives arose as consequences of the failure of the State and its safety apparatus to protect the life and property of its citizens, especially in most developing countries (6). Urban residents redefine urban space to a mosaic of privately controlled territories with differently installed safety strategies. The regrouping, realignment and redefinition of boundaries manifest in the socio-spatial restructuring of urban space. The forms of privatised and informal crime and social control mechanisms in most Nigerian cities include neighbourhood enclosures, neighbourhood patrol, vigilantes, private security or corporate guards, installation of Closed Circuit Television (CCTV), mob action and jungle justice. Sometimes crime suspects have been killed or molested before police arrived (8). Neighbourhood safety in GCs is a multidimensional and many-sided issue with major influence on the development and it encompasses direct combat against misconduct, crime and violence as well as aspects of urban design and land use planning (9).

The pervading state of insecurity in Nigeria including bomb blasts and kidnappings – makes the issue of gated estate even more topical.

1.1. STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

Extreme power imbalances and economic inequality frequently contribute to crime or fear of violence, as may be the case in places like Nigeria, so an insecure context may result from the failure or inability of the country to provide adequate security. There have been traced back too the early military rule ages when bulky quantities and quality weapons were shipped into the countries for military uses during and after the civil war. Some of the weapons however were high jacked by the civilians and then became their tools for mischievous acts shortly after the war such as; robbery attacks, killings of innocent minds and ritualism which is high across the country

Sometimes the country may prove too weak or preoccupied with other responsibilities to ensure security in residential neighborhoods. many countries wish to let investment and market processes operate unrestricted. in some cases, social groups that may be especially concerned about social control and separation from outsiders use enclosure to protect cultural identity,

Therefore, in the context of the state’s inability or unwillingness to guarantee security, residents’ decision to turn to Gated estates to make some strategy to protect themselves. The main problem of this research is to uncover the reasons and perception they get living in a gated estate.

This has made some residential property owners to start developing gated properties and providing better security.

1.3.  AIM

The aim of this study is to evaluate user’s satisfaction in gated estate with a view to providing information that will enhance investment decision making.

1.4.  OBJECTIVES

The objectives of this research are to:

1. Examine the number and characteristics of gated Estates in study Area.

2. Assess user’s perception in gated estates in the study area.

3. Examine the factors influencing user’s perception in gated estate.

1.5. RESEARCH QUESTIONS

Based on the research objectives above, the following research questions will be posed.

i. What are the social economic characteristics that differentiates properties in gated estates from non-gated properties in largelu Local Government Area, Ibadan?

ii. To what extent is the perception of the public on gated estates in Ibadan Largelu Local Government Area, Ibadan?

iii. What are the satisfaction benefits of gated estates in Ibadan Largelu Local Government Area, Ibadan?

1.6. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study is significant in that it will enable users/clients understand the concept of gated estates and how enormous potential its characteristics could give. 

Furthermore, this study is of significance to the property owners, tenants, public in care of estate management in order to be able to take decisive measures in improving investment decisions for property owners. 

In addition, the results of the study are also expected to contribute to closing the gap in literature with respect to understanding concept of gated estates.

Lastly, the study will serve as a point of reference to other researchers who might want to carry out study in relation to this field. 

1.7. SCOPE OF STUDY

This study will examine the satisfaction level of gated estates in Ibadan Largelu Local Government Area, Oyo State, Nigeria will be studied. Lagelu is a local government area in oyo state. Its headquarters are in the town of Iyana offa. It has an area of 338km2 and a population of 147,957 at the 2006 consensus. The local government area is subdivided into 14 wards: Ajara/opeodu, Apartere/kuffi/ogunbode/ogo, Arulogun ehin/kelebe, ejioku/igbon/Ariku, lagelu market/kajola/gbena,lagun, Lalupon I, lalupon II, etc.

Gated estates with active owners will be selected by the researcher for the study in order to find out their perception about gated estates. The results found at Ibadan Largelu local government will enable us to generalize the result across all parts of Nigeria.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Gated estate: 

]

REFERENCES

1.Urban Solutions. (2012). Housing Study - Tanzania. Nairobi, Kenya: Shelter Afrique.

2. Elhadary, Y., & Ali, S. (2017). A New trend in urban housing: Gated communities in khartoum, Sudan. American Journal of Sociological Research, 7(1), 45–55. https//doi.org/10.5923/j.sociology.20170701.07, 2017

3. Ajibola, M. O., Oloke, O. C., & Ogungbemi, A. O. (2011). Impacts of gated communities on residential property values: A comparison of onipetesi estate and its neighbourhoods in ikeja, Lagos state, Nigeria. Journal of Sustainable Development, 4(2), 73–79.

4. El-Ekhteyar, E., & Furlan, R. (2016). Sense of community in gated communities in doha: The case of Al-ein compound in ein khaled neighborhood. American Journal of Sociological Research, 6(5), 126–134. https//doi.org/10.5923/ sociology. 20160605.02, 2016. 

5. Atkinson, R., & Blandy, S (2005). Introduction: International perspectives on the new enclavism and the rise of gated communities. Housing Studies, 20(2), 177–186.

6. Atkinson, R., & Flint, J. (2004). Fortress UK; gated communities; the spatial revolt of the elites and time-space trajectories of segregation. Housing Studies, 19(6), 875–892. 

7. Fabiyi, O. (2004). Gated neighbourhoods and privatisation of urban security in ibadan metropolis. Ibadan: Occasional Publication No 16 IFRA. 

8. Fabiyi, O. (2007). Community building as a response to insecurity; an overview of non-state security initiatives in ibadan residential neighbourhoods.

9. Salau, T. I., & Lawanson, T. O. (2012). Security consciousness in city planning: The case of Lagos megacity. Lagos, Nigeria: Department of Urban and Regional Planning, University of Lagos.

.


TYPE IN YOUR TOPIC AND CLICK SEARCH.






RESEARCHWAP.COM

Researchwap.com is an online repository for free project topics and research materials, articles and custom writing of research works. We’re an online resource centre that provides a vast database for students to access numerous research project topics and materials. Researchwap.com guides and assist Postgraduate, Undergraduate and Final Year Students with well researched and quality project topics, topic ideas, research guides and project materials. We’re reliable and trustworthy, and we really understand what is called “time factor”, that is why we’ve simplified the process so that students can get their research projects ready on time. Our platform provides more educational services, such as hiring a writer, research analysis, and software for computer science research and we also seriously adhere to a timely delivery.

TESTIMONIES FROM OUR CLIENTS


Please feel free to carefully review some written and captured responses from our satisfied clients.

  • "Exceptionally outstanding. Highly recommend for all who wish to have effective and excellent project defence. Easily Accessable, Affordable, Effective and effective."

    Debby Henry George, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, USA.
  • "I saw this website on facebook page and I did not even bother since I was in a hurry to complete my project. But I am totally amazed that when I visited the website and saw the topic I was looking for and I decided to give a try and now I have received it within an hour after ordering the material. Am grateful guys!"

    Hilary Yusuf, United States International University Africa, Nairobi, Kenya.
  • "Researchwap.com is a website I recommend to all student and researchers within and outside the country. The web owners are doing great job and I appreciate them for that. Once again, thank you very much "researchwap.com" and God bless you and your business! ."

    Debby Henry George, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, USA.
  • "I love what you guys are doing, your material guided me well through my research. Thank you for helping me achieve academic success."

    Sampson, University of Nigeria, Nsukka.
  • "researchwap.com is God-sent! I got good grades in my seminar and project with the help of your service, thank you soooooo much."

    Cynthia, Akwa Ibom State University .
  • "Great User Experience, Nice flows and Superb functionalities.The app is indeed a great tech innovation for greasing the wheels of final year, research and other pedagogical related project works. A trial would definitely convince you."

    Lamilare Valentine, Kwame Nkrumah University, Kumasi, Ghana.
  • "Sorry, it was in my spam folder all along, I should have looked it up properly first. Please keep up the good work, your team is quite commited. Am grateful...I will certainly refer my friends too."

    Elizabeth, Obafemi Awolowo University
  • "Am happy the defense went well, thanks to your articles. I may not be able to express how grateful I am for all your assistance, but on my honour, I owe you guys a good number of referrals. Thank you once again."

    Ali Olanrewaju, Lagos State University.
  • "My Dear Researchwap, initially I never believed one can actually do honest business transactions with Nigerians online until i stumbled into your website. You have broken a new legacy of record as far as am concerned. Keep up the good work!"

    Willie Ekereobong, University of Port Harcourt.
  • "WOW, SO IT'S TRUE??!! I can't believe I got this quality work for just 3k...I thought it was scam ooo. I wouldn't mind if it goes for over 5k, its worth it. Thank you!"

    Theressa, Igbinedion University.
  • "I did not see my project topic on your website so I decided to call your customer care number, the attention I got was epic! I got help from the beginning to the end of my project in just 3 days, they even taught me how to defend my project and I got a 'B' at the end. Thank you so much researchwap.com, infact, I owe my graduating well today to you guys...."

    Joseph, Abia state Polytechnic.
  • "My friend told me about ResearchWap website, I doubted her until I saw her receive her full project in less than 15 miniutes, I tried mine too and got it same, right now, am telling everyone in my school about researchwap.com, no one has to suffer any more writing their project. Thank you for making life easy for me and my fellow students... Keep up the good work"

    Christiana, Landmark University .
  • "I wish I knew you guys when I wrote my first degree project, it took so much time and effort then. Now, with just a click of a button, I got my complete project in less than 15 minutes. You guys are too amazing!."

    Musa, Federal University of Technology Minna
  • "I was scared at first when I saw your website but I decided to risk my last 3k and surprisingly I got my complete project in my email box instantly. This is so nice!!!."

    Ali Obafemi, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Niger State.
  • To contribute to our success story, send us a feedback or please kindly call 2348037664978.
    Then your comment and contact will be published here also with your consent.

    Thank you for choosing researchwap.com.