THE EFFECTS OF UNEMPLOYMENT ON NIGERIA’S NATIONAL SECURITY


Department Of Criminology


PAGES: 0
FORMAT: MS WORD
Chapters: 1-5
PRICE: ₦ 5,000.00

THE EFFECTS OF UNEMPLOYMENT ON NIGERIA’S NATIONAL SECURITY

ABSTRACT :               

Unemployment anywhere is a threat to peace and prosperity everywhere. Unemployment has been a major problem in most countries in the world. Nigeria, as a developing country is witnessing high rate of graduate unemployment which has become one of the major threats to its national security. The study examines the effects of graduate unemployment on Nigeria’s national security. Specifically, the study seeks to attain the following objectives: to determine the causes of graduate unemployment in Nigeria and to examine the effects of graduate unemployment on Nigeria’s national security. Two corresponding research questions and null hypotheses are stated. Survey research design is used. The respondents are unemployed graduates purposively selected from Zaria and Kaduna metropolis. A total of 384 respondents are used in the study. The questionnaire titled “Effects of Graduate Unemployment on Nigeria’s National Security (EGUNNS)” is used as an instrument for data collection which is designed through extensive literature review to assist in attaining the objectives raised by the study. The questionnaire is designed based on five point Likert Scale. The questionnaire is pilot tested and Cronbach Alpha formular for determining reliability coefficient is used. Consequently 0.831 reliability coefficient is discovered. The data analysis is done using frequency counts, percentage, mean and standard deviation to answer the questions raised by the study. The t-test independent sample is used to validate the null hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The study discovered no significant difference in the opinions of male and female unemployed graduates on the causes and effects of graduate unemployment in Nigeria. In the light of the findings, the study recommends the need for the curriculum of Tertiary Educational Institutions in Nigeria to reflect the need of the employers of labour locally and internationally, the need for entrepreneurship education taught at Tertiary Educational Institutions to be based on practice through pedagogies that encourage learning: by doing, by experience, by experiment, by risk taking and making mistakes, by creative problem solving, by feedback through social interaction; by role playing, by exploring role models; and by interaction with the adult world among others.

CHAPTER ONE

Introduction 

Unemployment anywhere is a threat to peace and prosperity everywhere. Unemployment has been a major problem in most countries in the world. Nigeria, as a developing country is witnessing high rate of graduate unemployment which has become one of the major threats to its national security. Unemployment is largely blamed for the intractable security challenges in Nigeria. Unemployment is seen as the situation whereby a number of people who are mentally and physically fit and willing to work under the prevailing condition of service but could not find a paid job. These persons are actively looking for paid employment without success under the prevailing economic condition. In a related development, Gbosi (2006) sees unemployment as a situation in which people who are willing to work at the prevailing wage rate are unable to find jobs. An unemployed person is a person that is qualified for job (whether the job is physical or mental) and willing to work at the current rate of wages but does not find job. Graduate refer to individuals with any form of post matriculation qualification or tertiary diploma or certificate (Pauw, Oosthuizen and Van Der Westhuizen 2008) in Bassey and Atan (2012). Therefore, graduate unemployment can be seen as a situation whereby individuals with any form of post matriculation qualification or tertiary diploma or certificate qualified for the job physically and mentally and willing to work at rate of wages and other conditions of service but could not find a job. According to the National Bureau of Statistics (2009), the labour force of a country is a set of people or citizens who are willing and are able to make available at any given point in time their efforts for gainful employment, while the unemployed are the individuals with no work, but are looking for work at the time of any study.

Graduate unemployment according to Salihu, Muhammed & Bayero (2016) is a global phenomenon whereby eligible workforce of the state is deprived in the service to the country. The only difference lies in the magnitude and the rate of unemployment which is unevenly distributed among countries. This is not only a serious economic issue but also has implications that affect almost all countries (Nigeria inclusive) and all people either directly or indirectly. Unemployment (especially that of Graduates) causes social disquiet and increase in crimes, continuing youth unrest and unstable socio-economic structure. According to Ajufo (2013), youth unemployment has national and global impacts, notably among which are increased violence crime, drug abuse and political instability. There is also the increase in systematic crimes using Information and Communication Technology (I.C.T). Most of those who engaged themselves in these forms of sophisticated crimes have some sort of formal education and training and since government is unable to judiciously utilize their talents, they look for ways to illegally use these talents. Desperation according to Ajufo (2013) can drive many people into living outside the law in order to survive and as a means of expressing dissatisfaction at the apparent neglect of their very existence. The issue of graduate unemployment according to Ajayi, Adeniji & Adu (2008) has caught the attention of policymakers, parents, educationists as well as media commentators. In fact, the situation is almost certainly worse than expected as over 2.5 millions graduates from the nation’s Tertiary Educational Institutions are presently roaming about the streets looking for unavailable employment.

In recent times, there have been notable poor social, economic and political developments in Nigeria, consequence of youth unemployment and underemployment, militancy, particularly exemplified by increasing violent crimes, kidnapping, restiveness and political instability. The Nigerian situation is further compounded by dwindling oil price at the international market as a result of slow in economic and productive activities across the globe that has crippled businesses and the project of securing jobs for young people (Fanimo and Olayinka, 2009). Adejumo and Tayo-olajubulu (2009) contended that unemployment has been identified as one of the major causes of social vices including armed robbery, destitution, prostitution, political thuggery, kidnapping, hostage-taking, militancy and many more.

Similarly, Adawo and Atan (2013) state that one of the things that accounts for high level of graduate unemployment in Nigeria is the low quality of the graduates themselves. Other factors they opine include poor funding of universities, non up-to-date and functional libraries, no functional laboratories, poor and inadequate learning space, very poor working environment for staff, admission overload, incessant strikes, lack of motivation for staff, corruption, cultism, exchange of gifts and money between student and teacher called “sorting” for examination grades, inadequate staffing, lack of electricity that renders learning environment too hot for such exercise and also the hatred students have developed against reading. In a related development, Bassey and Atan (2012:67-76) in Salihu, Muhammed & Bayero (2016) observe that within the Nigerian Labour Market distortion are prevalent. This they stress accounts in part for graduate unemployment. According to them, this reflects in the rising incidence of unemployment among university graduates and those of other tertiary institutions, particularly wage rate differential not related to productivity and universities teaching curricula that are not closely linked to the demand of employers.

In a related development, Agi and Arikawei (2011) state that over 200,000 graduates are produced each year, only 25% are absorbed in the labour market. The remaining 75% are left in the labour market perpetually looking for jobs. Hence, this alarming rate of youth unemployment tell on the level of insecurity in the country whereby youths are involved in terrorism, kidnapping, armed robbery, theft etc. Youth unemployment is no doubt one of the biggest problems in Nigeria threatening its national security, considering the inability of the government to adequately engage the teeming youth productively. Unemployment is the greatest challenge to underdeveloped and developing countries (Nigeria inclusive). The phenomenon of graduate unemployment (GU) as it is being experienced in the developing countries constitutes a peculiar problem to labour market and the general economy of these countries (Tunde, 2011). It is worthy of note here that Nigerian government and of course any other government cannot singlehandedly provide the needed employment for its teeming job seekers. 

On the other hand, national security is the requirement to maintain the survival of the state through the use of economy, diplomacy, power projection, and political power. Security threats can come in any form. The present security threat in Nigeria is that the Boko-Haram terrorist attacks on the government and the country at large. The upcoming threat to its national security is the issue of youth graduate unemployment which demands attention from the government. It is a fact that majority of Nigerian youths are unemployed; while the few ones in employment are confronted with so much socio-economic pressure from hordes of dependants. Political violence, social insecurity and sundry crimes in most countries are traceable to high rates of unemployment among youths who constitute the able-bodied and economically-active groups in the civic population. The researchers can infer that, the increasing spate of sectarian insurrection, crimes and terrorism, which Nigeria has been experiencing in the past few years in Nigeria, may not be unconnected with the alarming rate of graduate unemployment. It is against this background that this study examines the effects of graduate unemployment on Nigeria’s national security.

Objectives of the Study

The main objective of the study is to determine the effects of graduate unemployment on Nigeria’s national security. The study has the following objectives which are to:

1. Determine the causes of graduate unemployment in Nigeria;

2. Examine the effects of graduate unemployment on Nigeria’s national security.

Research Questions

The study is guided by the following questions:

1. What is the opinion of male and female unemployed graduates on the causes of graduate unemployment in Nigeria?

2. What is the opinion of male and female unemployed graduates on the effects of graduate unemployment on Nigeria’s national security? 

Hypotheses

The study is guided by the following hypotheses:

1. There is no significant difference in the opinions of male and female unemployed graduates on the causes of graduate unemployment in Nigeria;

2. There is no significant difference in the opinions of male and female unemployed graduates on the effects of graduate unemployment on Nigeria’s national security. 

Scope of the Study

This study entitled “Analysis of the Effects of Graduate Unemployment on Nigeria’s National Security” is delimited to Zaria and Kaduna Metropolis, Kaduna state, Nigeria. The study used unemployed graduates in the study area as respondents. The causes and effects of graduate unemployment on Nigeria’s national security are covered in the study.

.



TYPE IN YOUR TOPIC OR KEYWORD AND CLICK SEARCH:

HOW TO GET THE COMPLETE PROJECT MATERIAL ON THE EFFECTS OF UNEMPLOYMENT ON NIGERIA’S NATIONAL SECURITY

  • * Click the green DOWNLOAD Button above

    * Select any option to get the complete project material instantly.

    * Chat our 24/7 customer service desk on WhatsApp# (+234) 0803-766-4978 and get your complete project material instantly.

    * All project materials on this website are well researched by professionals with high level of professionalism.


TESTIMONIES FROM OUR CLIENTS

Please feel free to carefully review some written and captured responses from our satisfied clients.


  • Debby Henry George, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, USA.

    "Exceptionally outstanding. Highly recommend for all who wish to have effective and excellent project defence. Easily Accessable, Affordable, Effective and effective."


  • Hilary Yusuf, United States International University Africa, Nairobi, Kenya.

    "I saw this website on facebook page and I did not even bother since I was in a hurry to complete my project. But I am totally amazed that when I visited the website and saw the topic I was looking for and I decided to give a try and now I have received it within an hour after ordering the material. Am grateful guys!"


  • Debby Henry George, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, USA.

    "Researchwap.net is a website I recommend to all student and researchers within and outside the country. The web owners are doing great job and I appreciate them for that. Once again, thank you very much "researchwap.net" and God bless you and your business! ."


  • Lamilare Valentine, Kwame Nkrumah University, Kumasi, Ghana.

    "Great User Experience, Nice flows and Superb functionalities.The app is indeed a great tech innovation for greasing the wheels of final year, research and other pedagogical related project works. A trial would definitely convince you."


  • Sampson, University of Nigeria, Nsukka.

    "I love what you guys are doing, your material guided me well through my research. Thank you for helping me achieve academic success."


  • Cynthia, Akwa Ibom State University .

    "researchwap.com is God-sent! I got good grades in my seminar and project with the help of your service, thank you soooooo much."


  • Elizabeth, Obafemi Awolowo University

    "Sorry, it was in my spam folder all along, I should have looked it up properly first. Please keep up the good work, your team is quite commited. Am grateful...I will certainly refer my friends too."


  • Ali Olanrewaju, Lagos State University.

    "Am happy the defense went well, thanks to your articles. I may not be able to express how grateful I am for all your assistance, but on my honour, I owe you guys a good number of referrals. Thank you once again."


  • Willie Ekereobong, University of Port Harcourt.

    "My Dear Researchwap, initially I never believed one can actually do honest business transactions with Nigerians online until i stumbled into your website. You have broken a new legacy of record as far as am concerned. Keep up the good work!"


  • Theressa, Igbinedion University.

    "WOW, SO IT'S TRUE??!! I can't believe I got this quality work for just 5k...I thought it was scam ooo. I wouldn't mind if it goes for over 5k, its worth it. Thank you!"


  • Joseph, Abia state Polytechnic.

    "I did not see my project topic on your website so I decided to call your customer care number, the attention I got was epic! I got help from the beginning to the end of my project in just 3 days, they even taught me how to defend my project and I got a 'B' at the end. Thank you so much researchwap.com, infact, I owe my graduating well today to you guys...."


  • Christiana, Landmark University .

    "My friend told me about ResearchWap website, I doubted her until I saw her receive her full project in less than 15 miniutes, I tried mine too and got it same, right now, am telling everyone in my school about researchwap.com, no one has to suffer any more writing their project. Thank you for making life easy for me and my fellow students... Keep up the good work"


  • Musa, Federal University of Technology Minna

    "I wish I knew you guys when I wrote my first degree project, it took so much time and effort then. Now, with just a click of a button, I got my complete project in less than 15 minutes. You guys are too amazing!."


  • Ali Obafemi, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Niger State.

    "I was scared at first when I saw your website but I decided to risk my last 5k and surprisingly I got my complete project in my email box instantly. This is so nice!!!."


  • To contribute to our success story, send us a feedback or please kindly call 2348037664978.
    Then your comment and contact will be published here also with your consent.
    Thank you for choosing researchwap.com.

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS

  • How can I get the complete project - THE EFFECTS OF UNEMPLOYMENT ON NIGERIA’S NATIONAL SECURITY

    Simply click on the DOWNLOAD green button above and follow the procedure stated.


    Is it a complete project work or just materials?

    Yes, it's a Complete Research Project material. i.e Chapters 1-5, Abstract, Table of Contents, Full References, Questionnaires / Secondary Data


    What if I want to change the case study for THE EFFECTS OF UNEMPLOYMENT ON NIGERIA’S NATIONAL SECURITY, What can i do?

    Chat with Our 24/7 Customer Service Desk Now: WhatsApp# and you will be responded to Instantly


    How long does it take to get the complete project on THE EFFECTS OF UNEMPLOYMENT ON NIGERIA’S NATIONAL SECURITY?

    Depending on how fast your payment and details is acknowledged by us, you will get the complete project within 30 minutes. However, on a very good day you can still get it within 15 minutes!


    How will I get my complete project?

    The Complete Project Material will be Delivered via your Email Address in an MS Word document format


    Can I get my Complete Project through WhatsApp?

    Yes! We also send your Complete Research Project to your WhatsApp Number


    What if my Project Supervisor made some changes to a topic i picked from your website?

    Call or Chat With Our 24/7 Custumer Care Desk: +2348037664978 and you will be responded to Instantly


    Do you assist students with Assignment, Term Paper, Seminar and Project Proposal?

    Call or Chat With Our 24/7 Custumer Care Desk: +2348037664978 and you will be responded to Instantly


    What if i do not have any project topic idea yet?

    Don't Worry! We've Got Your Covered. Chat with us on WhatsApp# (+234) 0803-766-4978 to Get Instant Help.


    Why should I trust this website?

    We are well aware of fraudulent activities that have been happening on the internet. It is regrettable, but hopefully declining. However, we wish to reinstate to our esteemed clients that we are genuine and duly registered with the Corporate Affairs Commission as "TOPNOTCH INFOTECH ENTERPRISE". This site runs on Secure Sockets Layer (SSL), therefore all transactions on this site are HIGHLY secure and safe!


    I have a fresh topic that is not on your site. How do I go about it?

    Don't Worry, Chat with us on WhatsApp# (+234) 0803-766-4978 to Get Instant Help.