DEVELOPING DIAGNOSTIC SYSTEM FOR PROSTATE CANCER


DEVELOPING DIAGNOSTIC SYSTEM FOR PROSTATE CANCER

TABLE OF CONTENT

Title Page………………..i

Certification……………ii

Dedication………………iii

Acknowledgment……….iv

Table of content………v

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1    GENERAL OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY

1.2    STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

1.3    AIM OF STUDY

1.4    METHODOLOGY

1.5    SCOPE AND LIMITATION

1.6    ORGANIZATION OF THE PROJECT

1.8   DEFINITION OF TERMS

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE  REVIEW

2.0     INTRODUCTION

2.1.    Anatomy, Physiology and Pathology of the prostate    

2.2. Prostate Functionality:

2.3. Anatomy of the prostate gland:

2.4. Surrounding functions of the prostate:

2.5. Pathology - Prostate cancer:

2.6. Prostate cancer symptoms:

2.7. Prostate Cancer Statistics:

2.8. FUZZY LOGIC:

2.9. Expert systems

2.10. FUZZY EXPERT SYSTEM

2.11. CANCER

2.12. Types of Cancer

CHAPTER THREE

SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

3.1   Introduction

3.2 System Analysis

3.2.1 System Architecture

3.2.1.1 Components of The System Architecture

3.2.2 Database Model

3.2.3 Fuzzy Logic Model

3.2.3.2 Rule Base

3.2.3.3 Fuzzification

3.2.3.4 Fuzzy Inference Mechanism

3.2.3.5 Defuzzification

3.3.1 Use-case Diagram

3.5 Activity Diagram

3.6 System Class Diagram

CHAPTER FOUR

SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION

4.0    INTRODUCTION

4.1    SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

4.2     HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS

4.3    PROGRAM SETUP

4.3 SNAPSHOTS OF THE SYSTEM

CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY, RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSION

 5.0     INTRODUCTION

5.1    SUMMARY

5.2     RECOMMENDATIONS

5.3     CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

APPENDIX

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.2    GENERAL OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY

Prostate cancer is cancer that occurs in the prostate, a small walnut-shaped gland in men that produces the seminal fluid that nourishes and transports sperm. Prostate cancer is one of the most common type of cancer in men. Usually it grows slowly and is initially confined to the prostate gland, where it may cause serious harm. However, while some types of prostate cancers grow slowly and may need minimal or no treatment, other types are aggressive and can spread quickly. Prostate cancer that is detected early when it is still confined to the prostate gland has a better chance of successful treatment.

Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths and the most common non-skin cancer malignancy among men; it is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among older men in Nigeria. An estimated 240,000 men were newly diagnosed with prostate cancer in 2011.Despite attempts to minimize gap in healthcare, African American men are disproportionately burdened by prostate cancer compared to all other racial and ethnic groups. The mortality rate of prostate cancer is an estimated 2 to 4 times greater amongst African-American men. (American Cancer Society. Cancer Facts & Figures 2011. Atlanta, GA: American Cancer Society; 2011)

It is quite possible to diagnose prostate cancer fully based on ultrasonography and image processing. However, attempt will be made in this study in developing a rule based fuzzy expert system (FES) that uses a laboratory and other data and simulates an expert doctor’s behaviour. As known when the prostate cancer can be diagnosed earlier the patient can be treated completely. Diagnosis is the determination of the nature of a disease, modern diagnosis combine the taking of the patient’s health history, physical examination, and laboratory examination. Prostate specific antigen (PSA) and prostate volume (PV) and age of the patient will be used as sign and symptoms (variable for the diagnosis).Using this variable fuzzy logic Expert system will be developed in a MATLAB programming environment. The Fuzzy Expert System (FES) is rapid, economical, without risk compared to traditional diagnostic system and it has also a high reliability and it can be used as a learning system for medical students.

1.2    STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

In the world today, access to medical education and health out is getting more limited than access to computer system. Early diagnosis of prostate cancer is vital to prevent premature death due to prostate cancer. In this regard a computer diagnostic system can bridge the gap.

1.7    AIM OF STUDY

The aim of this research project is to design and develop a fuzzy logic expert system for the diagnosis of prostate cancer.

The objective includes:

a)    design of a fuzzy type-one rules and membership function for the diagnose of prostate cancer.

b)    coding the design in (a) in MATLAB programming environment.

c)    carry out a case study of the design using data obtained from the University of Uyo Teaching Hospital

1.8    METHODOLOGY

The method of carrying out the research include, Review of literature on prostate cancer and fuzzy logic technology.

The use of fuzzy type-1 Mamdani Minmax operator formulation of fuzzy rules and triangular membership grade.  

1.9    SCOPE AND LIMITATION

Only data obtained from University of Uyo Teaching Hospital for the diagnose.

1.10    ORGANIZATION OF THE PROJECT

The study is organized into five chapters.

Chapter one deals with the introductory aspect of the study and provides an insight on what the study is all about. Chapter one is the introduction of the project.

Chapter two is the literature review.

Chapter three is the design of the fuzzy expert system.

Chapter four is the implementation.

Chapter five is the summary

1.8   DEFINITION OF TERMS

EXPERT SYSTEM: This is a software which uses database of expert knowledge to offer advice or make decision in such area of medical diagnosis. In AI an expert system is a computer system that emulates the decision making ability of a human expert.

PROSTATE: It is a male sex gland that produces a thick fluid that forms a part of the semen. The prostate is located below the bladder and in front of the rectum and it surrounds the upper part of the urethra, the tube that empties urine from the bladder.

CANCER: It is a group of many different diseases that have important things in common. They all affect cell, the body’s basic unit of life. Cancer is made up of abnormal cell that grow even when the body does not need them.

PROSTATE CANCER: It is the most common cancer in men. It tends to occur mainly in older men from the age of 45 and above. It affects the prostate gland that produces some of the fluid in semen and plays a role in urine control in men. However most prostate cancer is diagnosed with the following symptoms:

1)    Inability to urinate

2)    Discontinuous or weak urine flows,

3)    Difficulty in starting or stopping urine flow,

4)    Blood in the urine

5)    Pain or burning with urination ,

6)    Frequent urination, especially at night

7)    Prostate specific antigen.

8)    Prostate volume.

9)    Age.

10)    Family history.

.


TYPE IN YOUR TOPIC AND CLICK SEARCH.






RESEARCHWAP.COM

Researchwap.com is an online repository for free project topics and research materials, articles and custom writing of research works. We’re an online resource centre that provides a vast database for students to access numerous research project topics and materials. Researchwap.com guides and assist Postgraduate, Undergraduate and Final Year Students with well researched and quality project topics, topic ideas, research guides and project materials. We’re reliable and trustworthy, and we really understand what is called “time factor”, that is why we’ve simplified the process so that students can get their research projects ready on time. Our platform provides more educational services, such as hiring a writer, research analysis, and software for computer science research and we also seriously adhere to a timely delivery.

TESTIMONIES FROM OUR CLIENTS


Please feel free to carefully review some written and captured responses from our satisfied clients.

  • "Exceptionally outstanding. Highly recommend for all who wish to have effective and excellent project defence. Easily Accessable, Affordable, Effective and effective."

    Debby Henry George, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, USA.
  • "I saw this website on facebook page and I did not even bother since I was in a hurry to complete my project. But I am totally amazed that when I visited the website and saw the topic I was looking for and I decided to give a try and now I have received it within an hour after ordering the material. Am grateful guys!"

    Hilary Yusuf, United States International University Africa, Nairobi, Kenya.
  • "Researchwap.com is a website I recommend to all student and researchers within and outside the country. The web owners are doing great job and I appreciate them for that. Once again, thank you very much "researchwap.com" and God bless you and your business! ."

    Debby Henry George, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, USA.
  • "I love what you guys are doing, your material guided me well through my research. Thank you for helping me achieve academic success."

    Sampson, University of Nigeria, Nsukka.
  • "researchwap.com is God-sent! I got good grades in my seminar and project with the help of your service, thank you soooooo much."

    Cynthia, Akwa Ibom State University .
  • "Great User Experience, Nice flows and Superb functionalities.The app is indeed a great tech innovation for greasing the wheels of final year, research and other pedagogical related project works. A trial would definitely convince you."

    Lamilare Valentine, Kwame Nkrumah University, Kumasi, Ghana.
  • "Sorry, it was in my spam folder all along, I should have looked it up properly first. Please keep up the good work, your team is quite commited. Am grateful...I will certainly refer my friends too."

    Elizabeth, Obafemi Awolowo University
  • "Am happy the defense went well, thanks to your articles. I may not be able to express how grateful I am for all your assistance, but on my honour, I owe you guys a good number of referrals. Thank you once again."

    Ali Olanrewaju, Lagos State University.
  • "My Dear Researchwap, initially I never believed one can actually do honest business transactions with Nigerians online until i stumbled into your website. You have broken a new legacy of record as far as am concerned. Keep up the good work!"

    Willie Ekereobong, University of Port Harcourt.
  • "WOW, SO IT'S TRUE??!! I can't believe I got this quality work for just 3k...I thought it was scam ooo. I wouldn't mind if it goes for over 5k, its worth it. Thank you!"

    Theressa, Igbinedion University.
  • "I did not see my project topic on your website so I decided to call your customer care number, the attention I got was epic! I got help from the beginning to the end of my project in just 3 days, they even taught me how to defend my project and I got a 'B' at the end. Thank you so much researchwap.com, infact, I owe my graduating well today to you guys...."

    Joseph, Abia state Polytechnic.
  • "My friend told me about ResearchWap website, I doubted her until I saw her receive her full project in less than 15 miniutes, I tried mine too and got it same, right now, am telling everyone in my school about researchwap.com, no one has to suffer any more writing their project. Thank you for making life easy for me and my fellow students... Keep up the good work"

    Christiana, Landmark University .
  • "I wish I knew you guys when I wrote my first degree project, it took so much time and effort then. Now, with just a click of a button, I got my complete project in less than 15 minutes. You guys are too amazing!."

    Musa, Federal University of Technology Minna
  • "I was scared at first when I saw your website but I decided to risk my last 3k and surprisingly I got my complete project in my email box instantly. This is so nice!!!."

    Ali Obafemi, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Niger State.
  • To contribute to our success story, send us a feedback or please kindly call 2348037664978.
    Then your comment and contact will be published here also with your consent.

    Thank you for choosing researchwap.com.