PRODUCTION OF ETHANOL FROM FALSE YAM (icacina tricthantha) STARCH


Department Of Chemical Engineering


PAGES: 45
FORMAT: MS WORD
Chapters: 1-5
PRICE: ₦ 5,000.00

PRODUCTION OF ETHANOL FROM FALSE YAM (icacina tricthantha) STARCH  

ABSTRACT

The essence of this study was to produce ethanol from false yam starch which isa locally sourced material in order to minimize the energy cost and replacing a non-renewable energy (fossil) with a renewable resource. False yam tubershave been found to be suitable feedstock for ethanol production because it contains high amount of starch which was extracted through the following processing: sorting, washing, cutting, peeling, soaking, grinding, centrifugation, settlement, decantation, drying. After the successful extraction of starch, pretreatment follows, and enzymatic hydrolysis was carried using bacillus and the rate of hydrolysis was determined using iodine solution, benedictreagent, and DNS reagent. The fermentation process was carried out using saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker yeast). The experiment was designed by Box behnken using design expert with three factors which are temperature, time and reducing sugar concentration. The temperature was varied from 20ᵒC- 40ᵒC, time was varied from 48hours-168hours and reducing sugar concentration was varied from 2 – 6g/l, the fermented sample was distilled at 78°C.The statistical analysis also shown that the ethanol yield of 74.6% was obtain at optimized variable of 168hours time, 40oC temperature and 10g/l concentration. It can be concluded that the selected model was adequate to fit the date of response variable.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Content                                                                                Page

Certification                                                                      i

Dedication                                                                        ii

Acknowledgement                                                        iii

Abstract        iv

Table of Contents v

List of Tables vi

List of Figures vii

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study 1

1.2 Statement of the problem 1

1.3 Aim and Objectives of Study 2

1.4 Significance of the Study                       2

1.5 Scope of Study 2

CHAPTER TWO:LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Historical Background and Overview of Ethanol Production 4

2.2 Usefulness of Ethanol as Fuel 5

2.3 Physico-Chemical Characteristic of Ethanol as Fuel 6

2.4 Impact of Ethanol Production to the Environment 7

2.5 Evaluation of Feedstock Use for Ethanol Production 8

2.6 Content of False Yam tuber 12

2.7 Enzymatic Hydrolysis 12

2.8 Fermentation 13

2.9 Distillation 13

CHAPTER THREE:MATERIALS AND METHOD

3.1 Raw Material and Enzymes Used 15

3.2 Equipment 15

3.3 Method        15

CHAPTER FOUR:RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 4.1 Result 20

4.2 Discussion 25

CHAPTER FIVE:CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS   

5.1 Conclusion 28

5.2 Recommendation 28

REFERENCES 30

APPENDIX 35

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

False yam (Icacina Trichantha) belongs to a family name Icacinaceae. It is a drought-resistant plasnt in West and Central Africa that produces a large tuber with a high starch content, but it is made up of anti-nutritive factors (terpenes) (Dei et al, 2011). It is found in countries like Senegal, Congo, etc. In Nigeria, especially Akwa Ibom State, this species of Yam is regarded as a non-edible plant and as unwanted plant. However, the tuberous root and leaves contains a high amount of starch used mainly for partial replacement source of energy for Broilers and animal feed, while it leaves also serve as medicine (David et al 2018). A reasonable quantity of starch can be extracted from the false yam tubers.

Feedstock used for production of Ethanol can be classified into the following categories: sugar containing materials (sugar beet, sugarcane), starchy materials (cassava, rice, corn, wheat and sweet sorghum etc), and Lignocellulosic biomass (cane bagasse, wheat straw, corn stalk, switch grass etc) (Muktham et al 2016). Ethanol is chemically called ethyl alcohol (C2H5OH). The conversion of starch into ethanol involves two processes which are sacharification: here the starch is converted to sugar using enzymes or amylolytic microorganism and follows by fermentation process, where sugar is converted into ethanol. Ethanol is a Colourless liquid, biodegradable, low in toxicity and environmentally friendly (Chin and Hng 2013). Gasoline when blend with ethanol help to reduce green house gas emissions by oxygenating the fuel mixture. It burns more completely. Ethanol is been used as addictive to gasoline, paint and cosmetics, it is used as biofuel.

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Globally, biofuel tend to be a source of remedy to world’s energy shortage. Ethanol has been regarded as energy panacea, the reason being that there are renewable unlike fossil. A critical look at feedstock used for ethanol production has post a serious problem to the availability of agricultural product for human consumption. In Nigeria fossil fuels are mostly used which is responsible for high carbon emission that leads to global warming.

This work desires to use starch from non-edible sources such as false yam (icacina tricthantha) as feedstock for production of ethanol.

1.3 AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF STUDY

The main aim of this study is to determine the percentage of ethanol produce from the fermented false yam starch.

This project upon completion will be able to fulfill the following objectives:

1. To extract starch from false yam tuber.

2. To produce ethanol from false yam starch.

3. To investigate the effects of process variables such as time, temperature and reduce sugar concentration.

4. To determine the optimum operating conditions

1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

An insight into the study of this work will reveal that false yam has an economic value as it contains important composition for ethanol production. It will also enlighten both the public and investors for the need to cultivate false yam as a plant especially the government of Akwa Ibom State and Federal Government at large.

1.5 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

This work entails with the use of false yam starch for production of ethanol which involves:

1. Identification and collection of raw materials

2. Preparation of raw material

3. Extraction of starch from the tuber

4. Production of ethanol from the extracted starch

.



TYPE IN YOUR TOPIC OR KEYWORD AND CLICK SEARCH:

HOW TO GET THE COMPLETE PROJECT MATERIAL ON PRODUCTION OF ETHANOL FROM FALSE YAM (icacina tricthantha) STARCH

  • * Click the green DOWNLOAD Button above

    * Select any option to get the complete project material instantly.

    * Chat our 24/7 customer service desk on WhatsApp# (+234) 0803-766-4978 and get your complete project material instantly.

    * All project materials on this website are well researched by professionals with high level of professionalism.


TESTIMONIES FROM OUR CLIENTS

Please feel free to carefully review some written and captured responses from our satisfied clients.


  • Debby Henry George, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, USA.

    "Exceptionally outstanding. Highly recommend for all who wish to have effective and excellent project defence. Easily Accessable, Affordable, Effective and effective."


  • Hilary Yusuf, United States International University Africa, Nairobi, Kenya.

    "I saw this website on facebook page and I did not even bother since I was in a hurry to complete my project. But I am totally amazed that when I visited the website and saw the topic I was looking for and I decided to give a try and now I have received it within an hour after ordering the material. Am grateful guys!"


  • Debby Henry George, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, USA.

    "Researchwap.net is a website I recommend to all student and researchers within and outside the country. The web owners are doing great job and I appreciate them for that. Once again, thank you very much "researchwap.net" and God bless you and your business! ."


  • Lamilare Valentine, Kwame Nkrumah University, Kumasi, Ghana.

    "Great User Experience, Nice flows and Superb functionalities.The app is indeed a great tech innovation for greasing the wheels of final year, research and other pedagogical related project works. A trial would definitely convince you."


  • Sampson, University of Nigeria, Nsukka.

    "I love what you guys are doing, your material guided me well through my research. Thank you for helping me achieve academic success."


  • Cynthia, Akwa Ibom State University .

    "researchwap.com is God-sent! I got good grades in my seminar and project with the help of your service, thank you soooooo much."


  • Elizabeth, Obafemi Awolowo University

    "Sorry, it was in my spam folder all along, I should have looked it up properly first. Please keep up the good work, your team is quite commited. Am grateful...I will certainly refer my friends too."


  • Ali Olanrewaju, Lagos State University.

    "Am happy the defense went well, thanks to your articles. I may not be able to express how grateful I am for all your assistance, but on my honour, I owe you guys a good number of referrals. Thank you once again."


  • Willie Ekereobong, University of Port Harcourt.

    "My Dear Researchwap, initially I never believed one can actually do honest business transactions with Nigerians online until i stumbled into your website. You have broken a new legacy of record as far as am concerned. Keep up the good work!"


  • Theressa, Igbinedion University.

    "WOW, SO IT'S TRUE??!! I can't believe I got this quality work for just 5k...I thought it was scam ooo. I wouldn't mind if it goes for over 5k, its worth it. Thank you!"


  • Joseph, Abia state Polytechnic.

    "I did not see my project topic on your website so I decided to call your customer care number, the attention I got was epic! I got help from the beginning to the end of my project in just 3 days, they even taught me how to defend my project and I got a 'B' at the end. Thank you so much researchwap.com, infact, I owe my graduating well today to you guys...."


  • Christiana, Landmark University .

    "My friend told me about ResearchWap website, I doubted her until I saw her receive her full project in less than 15 miniutes, I tried mine too and got it same, right now, am telling everyone in my school about researchwap.com, no one has to suffer any more writing their project. Thank you for making life easy for me and my fellow students... Keep up the good work"


  • Musa, Federal University of Technology Minna

    "I wish I knew you guys when I wrote my first degree project, it took so much time and effort then. Now, with just a click of a button, I got my complete project in less than 15 minutes. You guys are too amazing!."


  • Ali Obafemi, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Niger State.

    "I was scared at first when I saw your website but I decided to risk my last 5k and surprisingly I got my complete project in my email box instantly. This is so nice!!!."


  • To contribute to our success story, send us a feedback or please kindly call 2348037664978.
    Then your comment and contact will be published here also with your consent.
    Thank you for choosing researchwap.com.

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS

  • How can I get the complete project - PRODUCTION OF ETHANOL FROM FALSE YAM (icacina tricthantha) STARCH

    Simply click on the DOWNLOAD green button above and follow the procedure stated.


    Is it a complete project work or just materials?

    Yes, it's a Complete Research Project material. i.e Chapters 1-5, Abstract, Table of Contents, Full References, Questionnaires / Secondary Data


    What if I want to change the case study for PRODUCTION OF ETHANOL FROM FALSE YAM (icacina tricthantha) STARCH, What can i do?

    Chat with Our 24/7 Customer Service Desk Now: WhatsApp# and you will be responded to Instantly


    How long does it take to get the complete project on PRODUCTION OF ETHANOL FROM FALSE YAM (icacina tricthantha) STARCH?

    Depending on how fast your payment and details is acknowledged by us, you will get the complete project within 30 minutes. However, on a very good day you can still get it within 15 minutes!


    How will I get my complete project?

    The Complete Project Material will be Delivered via your Email Address in an MS Word document format


    Can I get my Complete Project through WhatsApp?

    Yes! We also send your Complete Research Project to your WhatsApp Number


    What if my Project Supervisor made some changes to a topic i picked from your website?

    Call or Chat With Our 24/7 Custumer Care Desk: +2348037664978 and you will be responded to Instantly


    Do you assist students with Assignment, Term Paper, Seminar and Project Proposal?

    Call or Chat With Our 24/7 Custumer Care Desk: +2348037664978 and you will be responded to Instantly


    What if i do not have any project topic idea yet?

    Don't Worry! We've Got Your Covered. Chat with us on WhatsApp# (+234) 0803-766-4978 to Get Instant Help.


    Why should I trust this website?

    We are well aware of fraudulent activities that have been happening on the internet. It is regrettable, but hopefully declining. However, we wish to reinstate to our esteemed clients that we are genuine and duly registered with the Corporate Affairs Commission as "TOPNOTCH INFOTECH ENTERPRISE". This site runs on Secure Sockets Layer (SSL), therefore all transactions on this site are HIGHLY secure and safe!


    I have a fresh topic that is not on your site. How do I go about it?

    Don't Worry, Chat with us on WhatsApp# (+234) 0803-766-4978 to Get Instant Help.



PROJECT DETAILS

PAGES: 45
FORMAT: MS WORD
Chapters: 1-5
PRICE: ₦ 5,000.00




TYPE TOPIC OR KEYWORD AND CLICK SEARCH: