THE ASPECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION FROM MARINE TRANSPORTATION IN NIGERIA


THE ASPECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION FROM MARINE TRANSPORTATION IN NIGERIA (A CASE STUDY OF MBO RIVER, MBO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, AKWA IBOM STATE)  

ABSTRACT

There is no doubt that marine transport is considered one of the main economic development pillars in any nation. The issue of transportation and the environment is paradoxical in nature. The relationships between transports and the environment are multidimensional. The most important impacts of transport on the environment relate to climate change, air quality, noise, water quality, soil quality. biodiversity and land take, algal bloom, anoxic event,, anoxic waters, aquatic toxicology, cultural eutrophication, cyanotoxin, environmental impact of shipping, eutrophication, fish diseases and parasites, fish kill, friendly floaters, great pacific garbage patch, hypoxia, invasive species, marine debris, mercury in fish, non point source of pollution, North Atlantic garbage patch, nutrient pollution, ocean acidification, ocean deoxygenation, oil spill, particle, plastic particle water pollution, point source pollution, shutdown of thermohaline circulation, storm water, surface runoff, upwelling, urban runoff and water pollution environmental externalities, assessments, dimensions, the environment link of transport, transport and the environment, affected species, sound pollutions, ship impacts, exhaust, emission, international regulation, sewages, cleaning, solid waste, bilge water are aspects of environmental pollution from maritime transportation in Mbo and Nigeria in general reviewed to enable marine managers in the country be wary.

Key Words: Marine transport, environmental pollution, effects, affected species, regulation.

TABLE OF CONTENT 

Acknowledgment - - - - - - - - i

Abstract - - - - - - - - - - ii

Table of Contents - - - - - - - - iii

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 Introduction - - - - - - - - 1

1.1 Background of the Study - - - - - 1

1.2 Statement of Problem - - - - - - 3

1.3 Purpose of the Study - - - - - - 4

1.4 Significance of the Study - - - - - 5

CHAPTER TWO

2.1 Literature Review - - - - - - - 6

CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHOD

3.1 Introduction - - - - - - - - 9

3.2 Design of the Study - - - - - - 9

3.3 Materials and Methods - - - - - - 9

3.4 Population of the Study - - - - - - 10

3.5 Sample and Sampling Technique - - - - 10

3.6 Instrumentation and Data Collection - - - 10

3.7 Method of Data Analysis - - - - - - 11

CHAPTER FOUR: RESULT, DISCUSSION AND FINDINGS 

4.1 Introduction - - - - - - - - 12

2.2 The Findings - - - - - - - - 12

CHAPTER FIVE

5.1 Conclusion - - - - - - - - 15

Reference

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

There is no doubt that marine transport is considered one of the main economic development pillars in any country. Most of the world’s trade and exactly 75% of it is transportation by sea. That is because marine transport has many advantages compared to other means of transportation such as the huge capacity and cheap cost. 

These advantages have increased the dependence of marine transport and in turn increase the revenues of hard currency. Thus, we see how marine transport can serve in improving the balance of these countries, providing jobs for unemployed and constructing cities. With the execution of marine projects such as building ports, docks or starting marine companies, these things naturally to opening vacancies for national employment and constructing the cities where the projects are executed. 

The importance of marine transport in the area lies in its long coast extending that 90-95% of the community’s imports and exports are transported, through sea. Based on this fact, the community has paid great attention to this sector, by constructing modern ports, shipyards, starting marine companies and institutions and modernizing the commercial marine fleet, out of its belief in the role of marine transport in fulfilling the community’s needs. It is known that the commercial marine fleet supports the military fleet at times of peace and war (Vidal, 2009),

Based on all that, decree no. 149 was issued on 28-08-1396 AH announcing the start of the Ministry’s under secretariat for transport affairs to be responsible for supervising and organizing all transport means except that through air (Vander Laan and Taggart; 2007). This is in addition to MOT responsibilities of registering ships and marine units, making sure all the Saudi marine means fulfill the safety and security procedures and issuing safety certificates to sailing ships (Ward-Geirger et al, 2005). This sector has flourished greatly during the last few years due to its importance to national economy in general and commerce in particular, since most of the goods are transported from other countries to the community by sea (Vidal, 2007).

1.2STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

Transportation activities support increasing mobility demands for passengers and fright, notably in urban areas. But transport activities have resulted in growing levels of motorization and congestion. As a result, the transportation sector is becoming increasing linked to environment relate to climate change, air quality, noise, water quality, soil quality, biodiversity and land take.

The environmental impact of shipping includes greenhouse gas emissions and oil pollution. Carbon dioxide emersions from shipping is currently estimated at 4 to 5 percent of the global total, and estimated by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) to rise by up to 72 percent by 2020 if no action is taken (Simpson, et al, 2010). The first Intercessional Meeting of the IMO Working Group on Greenhouse Gas Emissions from ships to place in Oslo, Norway on 23-27 June, 2008. It was tasked with developing the technical basis for the reduction of mechanisms that may form part of a future IMO regime to control greenhouse gas emissions from international shipping and a draft of the actual reduction mechanisms themselves, for further consideration by IMO’s Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC).

However, in Nigeria in particular peoples are not laws abiding. The inability of a government to implement and enforce law to provide a uniform national approach for addressing aquatic nuisance species from ballet water under a program administered by Coast Guard. Lack of effective monetary term to remove fouling organ sans from hail, piping, and tanks on regular basis and dispose any removed substances in accordance with local, state, and federal regulations. Shortage of trained vessel personnel in ballast Wi management and treatment procedures.

1.3 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

This study aimed at achieving the following objectives:

i. To minimize the spread of invasive species in tertiary water ways

ii. To provide analysis of pollution control strategies in Mbo Local Government Area.

iii. To provide avenue of reducing the impact of greenhouse gas emissions from shipping.

1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The significance of this study outlined as follows:

i. It would be a guide to all who wish to have knowledge about the study.

ii. It should serve as a reference source to all the marine transportation company.

iii. It would aid anyone wishing to continue on this research project.

Embarking on this subject of study would bring about economic uplifting and good health opportunities.

.


TYPE IN YOUR TOPIC AND CLICK SEARCH.






RESEARCHWAP.COM

Researchwap.com is an online repository for free project topics and research materials, articles and custom writing of research works. We’re an online resource centre that provides a vast database for students to access numerous research project topics and materials. Researchwap.com guides and assist Postgraduate, Undergraduate and Final Year Students with well researched and quality project topics, topic ideas, research guides and project materials. We’re reliable and trustworthy, and we really understand what is called “time factor”, that is why we’ve simplified the process so that students can get their research projects ready on time. Our platform provides more educational services, such as hiring a writer, research analysis, and software for computer science research and we also seriously adhere to a timely delivery.

TESTIMONIES FROM OUR CLIENTS


Please feel free to carefully review some written and captured responses from our satisfied clients.

  • "Exceptionally outstanding. Highly recommend for all who wish to have effective and excellent project defence. Easily Accessable, Affordable, Effective and effective."

    Debby Henry George, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, USA.
  • "I saw this website on facebook page and I did not even bother since I was in a hurry to complete my project. But I am totally amazed that when I visited the website and saw the topic I was looking for and I decided to give a try and now I have received it within an hour after ordering the material. Am grateful guys!"

    Hilary Yusuf, United States International University Africa, Nairobi, Kenya.
  • "Researchwap.com is a website I recommend to all student and researchers within and outside the country. The web owners are doing great job and I appreciate them for that. Once again, thank you very much "researchwap.com" and God bless you and your business! ."

    Debby Henry George, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, USA.
  • "I love what you guys are doing, your material guided me well through my research. Thank you for helping me achieve academic success."

    Sampson, University of Nigeria, Nsukka.
  • "researchwap.com is God-sent! I got good grades in my seminar and project with the help of your service, thank you soooooo much."

    Cynthia, Akwa Ibom State University .
  • "Great User Experience, Nice flows and Superb functionalities.The app is indeed a great tech innovation for greasing the wheels of final year, research and other pedagogical related project works. A trial would definitely convince you."

    Lamilare Valentine, Kwame Nkrumah University, Kumasi, Ghana.
  • "Sorry, it was in my spam folder all along, I should have looked it up properly first. Please keep up the good work, your team is quite commited. Am grateful...I will certainly refer my friends too."

    Elizabeth, Obafemi Awolowo University
  • "Am happy the defense went well, thanks to your articles. I may not be able to express how grateful I am for all your assistance, but on my honour, I owe you guys a good number of referrals. Thank you once again."

    Ali Olanrewaju, Lagos State University.
  • "My Dear Researchwap, initially I never believed one can actually do honest business transactions with Nigerians online until i stumbled into your website. You have broken a new legacy of record as far as am concerned. Keep up the good work!"

    Willie Ekereobong, University of Port Harcourt.
  • "WOW, SO IT'S TRUE??!! I can't believe I got this quality work for just 3k...I thought it was scam ooo. I wouldn't mind if it goes for over 5k, its worth it. Thank you!"

    Theressa, Igbinedion University.
  • "I did not see my project topic on your website so I decided to call your customer care number, the attention I got was epic! I got help from the beginning to the end of my project in just 3 days, they even taught me how to defend my project and I got a 'B' at the end. Thank you so much researchwap.com, infact, I owe my graduating well today to you guys...."

    Joseph, Abia state Polytechnic.
  • "My friend told me about ResearchWap website, I doubted her until I saw her receive her full project in less than 15 miniutes, I tried mine too and got it same, right now, am telling everyone in my school about researchwap.com, no one has to suffer any more writing their project. Thank you for making life easy for me and my fellow students... Keep up the good work"

    Christiana, Landmark University .
  • "I wish I knew you guys when I wrote my first degree project, it took so much time and effort then. Now, with just a click of a button, I got my complete project in less than 15 minutes. You guys are too amazing!."

    Musa, Federal University of Technology Minna
  • "I was scared at first when I saw your website but I decided to risk my last 3k and surprisingly I got my complete project in my email box instantly. This is so nice!!!."

    Ali Obafemi, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Niger State.
  • To contribute to our success story, send us a feedback or please kindly call 2348037664978.
    Then your comment and contact will be published here also with your consent.

    Thank you for choosing researchwap.com.