FEEDBACK MECHANISM AS A TOOL IN DETERMINING PROGRAMMING (A CASE STUDY OF ESBS 2 FM) ENUGU


FEEDBACK MECHANISM AS A TOOL IN DETERMINING PROGRAMMING (A CASE STUDY OF ESBS 2 FM) ENUGU 

ABSTRACT

Feedback mechanism is a very important yardstick for measuring audience acceptance f and participation in programmes and messages would be missing if feedback is omitted from the source. A very important element would be missing if feedback is omitted from the basic structure of communication which contains sender, message, channel and receiver.

          It is cleared that the numerous gains and or effectiveness of FM broadcasting cannot be isolated from the basic element of broadcasting as a whole these elements on their own would be incomplete without the inclusion of feedback mechanism, of education, informing and entertaining the public. This study furnishes them with better understanding of the value which feedback as a matter of necessity occupies in broadcasting.

          Feedback mechanism comes in various forms, through face to face interviews, through telephone calls or through the mail; also in letters in the forms of feedback expressing condemnations, suggestions, condemnation, usually come from any angle, ranging from presentation patterns, presenter, or general organizational patterns, on subjects talked about.          This study exhaustively explained the usefulness of feedback mechanism in determining programming thus: To the listeners who is the ultimate consumer of media message and whose reaction and attitudes towards broadcast messages are under analysis, this study has provided answers to questions which arises in his mind regarding feedback mechanisms, its working in full broadcasting.

          Also for the operative, it will have an unbiased focus on their success and failures in the areas of educating, informing and determining and failure in this assignment based on in effective use of feedback as a yard stick for determining audience participation and effectives of communicated message. It has also pointed areas of lapses and suggested measures of improvement.

          On the part of mass communication students, this study has aimed putting them on a sound footing for the chosen carrier or thinks its relevance to broadcasting.

          To explain this study better, the E.S.B.S 2 FM was used and letters to the management of the station, which much reference to their programme content, style and audience expectation and action analyzed. As such, the content analysis research method was used.

TABLE OF CONTENT

Title page                            ii

Approval                            iii

Dedication                            iv

Acknowledgement                        v           

Abstract                            vi

Table of content                        ix

CHAPTER ONE

Introduction                            1

1.1     Background of study                1   

1.2    statement of research                3   

1.3    Objective of study                    4

1.4    Significance of study                5

1.5    Research question                    7

1.6    Research hypotheses                7   

1.7    Conceptual and operational definition        8   

1.8    Assumptions                    10

1.9    Limitation of study                10   

CHAPTER TWO

Review of literature                    11

1.    Sources of literature                11

2.    The review                        112.

3    Summary of literature review            19

CHAPTER THREE

Methodology                        21

3.1    Research method                    21

3.2    Research design                    21

3.3    Research sample                    22

3.4    Measuring instrument                24

3.5    Data collection                    24

3.6    Data analysis                    24

3.7    Expected result                    26

CHAPTER FOUR

Data analysis and results                    27

4.1    Data analysis                    27

4.2    Results                        31

4.3    General recommendation and discussion    37

CHAPTER FIVE

Summary and Recommendation for further study    42       

5.1    Summary                        42

5.2    Recommendation for further study         43   

  Bibliography                        45

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1    BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Communication by definition is a two way process. It is an international experience between a communicator at one end and audience, the receiver or destination, at the other. A piece of communicated message that is not received by its targets audience is an exercise in futility.

     Obviously, communication has remained the most important means of socialization. Need we say more before we understand that communication is very vital for man to success? The free flow on information, ideas and values from the source to the receiver is now made more effective due to improved communication gadgets. In the chain of communication, the message from the source to the receiver has been given very serious attention while feedback has been utterly neglected.

    Feedback in communication is a product of the receivers’ reaction to messages received from eh source of mass media. Feedback can come in various forms, through face-to-face interaction like interviews, through telephone calls, or through the mail. Letters in the form of feedback expressing commendations suggestions, condemnations and criticisms, usually come from any angle, ranging from presentation patterns, presenter or general organization patters, or subjects talked about.

    Whenever feedback arises from the receiver, conveying either strong or mind criticism, suggestions, and commendations, are thing that is sure is desired change. Now the question is how do the media mergers react to feedback? Do they make use of suggestions put across by the receivers?

    From all indications, feedback is a very important yardstick for measuring audience acceptance of and participation in programmes and messages from the source. A very important element would be missing if feedback were omitted from the basic structure of communication, which contains sender, message, channel and receiver.

    When messages are sent, it is usually a mental or physical, verbal and or non-verbal process of response by the receiver that indicates whether the message is understood and shared.

    This response is called “feedback”.

1.2    STATEMENT OF THE RESEARCH PROBLEM

Feedback in broadcasting is an essential as the original message. Daily, volumes of messages are sent, out through the radio, thousands, even millions of copies are gathered for future transactions, censored and uncensored,, cajoled into forming burdening on state security, general well being even international proportions. Other times the listener is saddled with unsolicited information, his privacy is invaded and disturbed. And the media, they claim, are only performing their duty an obligation to inform, educate and entertain the listener.

    A perfectly normal thing, except that media operatives do not bother to think beyond this stage of study to the stage of feedback and its importance.

    Operative’s very rarely try to feedback the question on te essence of feedback or think about its relevance to broadcasting.

    Furthermore, there is one general view that very little use is made of feedback the listener is continually bombarded with materials and presentations that the listener considers irrelevant to his immediate comfort, environment, state of mind and stations.

Also, that unpopular presenters and programmes are never changed. Conclusively, the notion is that little consideration is given to audience preference in programming.

    The question this study seeks to answer therefore is: Does feedback bring about change in programming? If so, to what extent? Definite answers to this question or even an impartial attempt at answering it as candidly as possible would go a long way in enhancing the value of feedback in broadcasting.

1.3    OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

Since inception in Nigeria, the FM broadcasting has continued to take the lead in entertainment charts. Opening new frontier for an ever-increasing opportunities for listeners, advertisers and media operators.

    The medium offers media operative a wonderful avenue for the exhibition of professionalism per excellence. It also provide advertisers the medium for products reach and awareness of their products while for he listeners, it affords him recreation and at the same time allowing him an opportunity through feedback to exercise   his basic right of choice and preference.

    The numerous gains and or effectiveness of FM broadcasting cannot be isolated from the basic element of broadcasting as a while. These elements on their own are incomplete without the inclusion of feedback mechanism, of educating informing and entertaining the public. This study win furnish them with better understanding of the role in the society and the place of value which feedback should as a matter of necessity occupy in the broadcasting.

1.4    SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study will be significant to three groups of people in the society:

1.    The listeners

2.    Broadcasters and media managers and

3.    Mass communication students.

To the listener who is the ultimate consumer of media message and whose reaction and attitude towards broadcasting messages are under analysis, this study will provide answers to question which mechanisms, it working in FM broadcasting.

    For the operatives, this study will have an unbiased focus on their success and failures in the areas of educating informally and entertaining and failure in this assignment based on in effective use of feedback as a yardstick for determining audience participation and the effectiveness of communicated messages. This study will also point areas of lapses and suggest measures of improvement.]

    On the part of mass communication students, the study will ai m at putting them on a sound footing for the chosen carrier or think its relevance to broadcasting.

    There is a general misconception that very little use is made of feedback, the media managers always run the risk of bombarding and disturbing the listeners comfort, state of mind with programme packages which the listeners deems irrelevant. Also programmes and presenters remain unchanged. One may at this point say that the listener does not have choice as to the pattern and style of programming. The question, which this study seeks to answer, therefore is:

Does feedback bring about changes in programming? If yes, to what extent?

Definite and impartial answer to this question will surely go a long way in improving the value of feedback mechanism in broadcasting.

1.5    RESEARCH QUESTION

1.    Is feedback mechanism used in evaluating FM stations programming?

2.    Does effective feedback mechanism help in enhancing audience participation in FM station programming?

3.    Does feed back mechanism help managers in programme packaging?

1.6    RESEARCH HYPOTHESES

H1- Feedback mechanism tends to be used in evaluating FM stations programming.

H0- Feedback mechanism is not used in evaluating FM stations programming.

H2- Effective feedback mechanism tends to enhance audience participation n FM stations programmes.

H0- There is no difference in the enhancement of audience participation with or without feedback mechanism.

H3- Feedback tend to help media managers in programme packaging.

H0- Feedback mechanism does not make any difference  to media mangers in programme packaging.

H4- Feedback mechanism tends to help assessing programme performance.

H0- Feedback mechanism does not make any difference in the assessment of programme performance.

1.7    CONCEPTUAL AND OPERATIONAL DEFINITION

CONCEPTUAL: Remarks about or in answer to an action process using an arrangement or process of a machine.

OPERATIONAL: This is audience reaction to the progrmmes of ESBS 2 FM through letters to the organization.

 EVALUATING:

CONCEPTUAL: Calculating or judging the value or degree of an action or process.

OPERATIONAL: To analyze the degree of programme performance based on audience performance and acceptance.

Frequency modulation (FM) station:

CONCEPTUAL: A broadcasting station whose system of broadcasting is usually on VHF, in which electric signal that carries sound waves has a wave that is always of the same straight but comes at a varying number of times per second, provided very clear words and music for the listener.

OPERATIONAL: The Enugu State Broadcasting Service FM station.

PROGRAMMING:

CONCEPTUAL: A complete plan showing performance one made up of several different parts.

OPERATIONAL: Programme plan for a certain period of times as would be broadcast on as ESBS2FM is effected by audience choice, preference and the management decision.

1.8    ASSUMPTIONS:

It was assumed in this study that age, occupation and educational background are no prerequisites to listening to the radio since the respondents did not make these available, they were not considered.

    Also the other assumptions were also made

1.    Feedback mechanism is used to evaluate FM stations programming.

2.    Effective feedback mechanism enhances audience participation in FM stations programming.

3.    Feedback mechanism help in assessing programme performance.

1.9    LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

The study is limited to one of the major services are of ESBS2FM, Enugu. It could not arise in handling enormous samples and sampling area, like: co-ordination and finance.

.


TYPE IN YOUR TOPIC AND CLICK SEARCH.






RESEARCHWAP.COM

Researchwap.com is an online repository for free project topics and research materials, articles and custom writing of research works. We’re an online resource centre that provides a vast database for students to access numerous research project topics and materials. Researchwap.com guides and assist Postgraduate, Undergraduate and Final Year Students with well researched and quality project topics, topic ideas, research guides and project materials. We’re reliable and trustworthy, and we really understand what is called “time factor”, that is why we’ve simplified the process so that students can get their research projects ready on time. Our platform provides more educational services, such as hiring a writer, research analysis, and software for computer science research and we also seriously adhere to a timely delivery.

TESTIMONIES FROM OUR CLIENTS


Please feel free to carefully review some written and captured responses from our satisfied clients.

  • "Exceptionally outstanding. Highly recommend for all who wish to have effective and excellent project defence. Easily Accessable, Affordable, Effective and effective."

    Debby Henry George, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, USA.
  • "I saw this website on facebook page and I did not even bother since I was in a hurry to complete my project. But I am totally amazed that when I visited the website and saw the topic I was looking for and I decided to give a try and now I have received it within an hour after ordering the material. Am grateful guys!"

    Hilary Yusuf, United States International University Africa, Nairobi, Kenya.
  • "Researchwap.com is a website I recommend to all student and researchers within and outside the country. The web owners are doing great job and I appreciate them for that. Once again, thank you very much "researchwap.com" and God bless you and your business! ."

    Debby Henry George, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, USA.
  • "I love what you guys are doing, your material guided me well through my research. Thank you for helping me achieve academic success."

    Sampson, University of Nigeria, Nsukka.
  • "researchwap.com is God-sent! I got good grades in my seminar and project with the help of your service, thank you soooooo much."

    Cynthia, Akwa Ibom State University .
  • "Great User Experience, Nice flows and Superb functionalities.The app is indeed a great tech innovation for greasing the wheels of final year, research and other pedagogical related project works. A trial would definitely convince you."

    Lamilare Valentine, Kwame Nkrumah University, Kumasi, Ghana.
  • "Sorry, it was in my spam folder all along, I should have looked it up properly first. Please keep up the good work, your team is quite commited. Am grateful...I will certainly refer my friends too."

    Elizabeth, Obafemi Awolowo University
  • "Am happy the defense went well, thanks to your articles. I may not be able to express how grateful I am for all your assistance, but on my honour, I owe you guys a good number of referrals. Thank you once again."

    Ali Olanrewaju, Lagos State University.
  • "My Dear Researchwap, initially I never believed one can actually do honest business transactions with Nigerians online until i stumbled into your website. You have broken a new legacy of record as far as am concerned. Keep up the good work!"

    Willie Ekereobong, University of Port Harcourt.
  • "WOW, SO IT'S TRUE??!! I can't believe I got this quality work for just 3k...I thought it was scam ooo. I wouldn't mind if it goes for over 5k, its worth it. Thank you!"

    Theressa, Igbinedion University.
  • "I did not see my project topic on your website so I decided to call your customer care number, the attention I got was epic! I got help from the beginning to the end of my project in just 3 days, they even taught me how to defend my project and I got a 'B' at the end. Thank you so much researchwap.com, infact, I owe my graduating well today to you guys...."

    Joseph, Abia state Polytechnic.
  • "My friend told me about ResearchWap website, I doubted her until I saw her receive her full project in less than 15 miniutes, I tried mine too and got it same, right now, am telling everyone in my school about researchwap.com, no one has to suffer any more writing their project. Thank you for making life easy for me and my fellow students... Keep up the good work"

    Christiana, Landmark University .
  • "I wish I knew you guys when I wrote my first degree project, it took so much time and effort then. Now, with just a click of a button, I got my complete project in less than 15 minutes. You guys are too amazing!."

    Musa, Federal University of Technology Minna
  • "I was scared at first when I saw your website but I decided to risk my last 3k and surprisingly I got my complete project in my email box instantly. This is so nice!!!."

    Ali Obafemi, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Niger State.
  • To contribute to our success story, send us a feedback or please kindly call 2348037664978.
    Then your comment and contact will be published here also with your consent.

    Thank you for choosing researchwap.com.