THE UNITED NATIONS UNDER KOFI ANNAN (1992 – 2006)


THE UNITED NATIONS UNDER KOFI ANNAN (1992 – 2006)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page                                        i

Certification                                    ii

Dedication                                        iii

Acknowledgments                               iv

Table of Contents                                vi

CHAPTER ONE

Introduction                                    1

End Notes                                        9

CHAPTER TWO

Kofi Annan and The United Nations up to 2004            10

EndNote                                        32

CHAPTER THREE

Kofi Annan and the United Nations Beyond 2004 – 2006        35

EndNote                                        54

CHAPTER FOUR

Conclusion                                        58

Bibliography                                    63

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

    Kofi Annan was born in the Kafandors Section of Kumasi, in Central Ghana, Africa, in what was then the British colony of the Gold Coast, on April 8, 1938.  He is a twin, which has a respected state in Ghanaian culture.  His full name is Kofi Atta Annan, while his twin sister Efua Atta, who died in 1991, shares the middle name Atta, which in Fante and Akan means “twin”.  Annan and his sister were born into one of the country’s aristocratic families, both their grandfather and their uncle were tribal chiefs.1 and became accustomed to both traditional and modern ways of life.  He has described himself as being “atribal in a tribal world”.

    In Akan tradition, some children are named according to the day of the week on when they were born; and in relation to how many children precede them.  Kofi in Akan is the name that corresponds with Friday.2

    In 1965, Kofi Annan married Titi Alakija, a Nigerian woman from a well to do family.  Several years later, they had a daughter, Ana and later a son Kojo.  The couple separated in the late seventies that is when Kojo was six years old and got a divorce two years later.  In 1984, Annan remarried to Nane Legergran a Swedish lawyer at the United Nations (UN).3

    Between 1954 and 1957, Annan attended the Elite Mfantsipim School, a Methodist Boarding School in Cape Coast, founded in the 1870s.  Annan has said that the school taught him “that suffering anywhere concerns people every where.4  In 1957, the year Annan graduated from Mfantsipim, Ghana gained independence from Britain.

    At the age of twenty, he won a Ford Foundation Scholarship for undergraduate studies at Macalester College, St. Paul.  In 1958, Annan began studying economics at the Kumasi College of Science and Technology, now the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology of Ghana.  He received a Ford Foundation grant, enabling him to complete his undergraduate studies at Macalester College in St. Paul, Minnesota, United States.  In 1961, Annam then did a DEA degree in International Relations at the Graduate Institute of International Studies in Geneva, Switzerland.  After some years of work experience, Annan became the Alfred P. Sloan Fellow at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.  He studied at the MIT Sloan School of Management.5 Even then, he was showing signs of becoming a diplomat, or someone skilled in International Relations.  At the end of his fellowship program, he was awarded a Master of Science (M.Sc.) degree in Management.

Early Career

    In 1962, Kofi Annan started working as a Budget Officer for the World Health Organization, an agency of the United Nations (UN).   In 1972, he moved to Cairo, Egypt, as Chief Civilian Personnel Officer in the UN emergency force.  Annan briefly changed career in 1974 when he left the United Nations to serve as Managing Director of the Ghana Tourist Development Company where he worked as the Director of Tourism in Ghana.  Annan returned to International Diplomacy at the United Nations in 1976.  For the next seven years, he was associated with the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees in Geneva.  He returned to the UN Headquarters in New York City in 1983 as Director of the Budget in the Financial Services Office.  In the late 1980s, Annan returned to work for the UN, where he was appointed as an Assistant Secretary-General in three consecutive positions.  Human Resources, Management and Security Coordinator (1987 – 1990), he became Assistant Security-General for another department at the United Nations, the office of Program Planning, Budget and Finance, and Controller (1990 – 1992) and Peace Keeping Operations (March 1993 – December 1996).

    In fulfilling his duties to the United Nations, Annan has spent most of his adult life in the United States, specifically at the UN headquarters in New York City.  Annan has by this time filled a number of roles at the United Nations, ranging from peace keeping to managerial and 1990s were no different.  In 1990, he negotiated the release of hostages in Iraq following the invasion of Kuwait.  Five years later, he oversaw the transition of the United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR) to the Multi-national Implementation Force (IFOR) a UN peace Keeping organization.  In this transfer of responsibility, operations in the former Yugoslavia were turned over to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).

    The Rwandan Genocide took place in 1994 while Annan directed UN peacekeeping operations.  In 2003, Canadian ex-General Romeo Dallaire, who was force commander of the United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda, claimed that Annan was overly passive in his response to the imminent genocide.  In his book, shake hands with the devil:  The failure of Humanity in Rwanda (2003).  General Dallaire asserted that Annan held back UN troops from intervening to settle the conflict, and from providing more logistical and material support.  Dallaire claimed that Annan failed to provide responses to his repeated faxes asking for access to a weapons depository, such weapons could have helped Dallaire defend the endangered Tutsis.

    In 2004, ten years after the genocide in which an estimated 800,000 people were killed, Annan said “I could and should have done more to sound the alarm and really support”.6 Annan served as Under-Secretary-General from March 1994 to October 1995.  He was appointed a Special Representative of the Secretary-General to the former Yugoslavia, serving for five months before returning to his duties as Under-Secretary-General in April 1996.  In recognition of his abilities, Annan was appointed Secretary-General, the top post of the United Nations by the UN General Assembly in December 1996.  He began serving his four-year term of office on January 1, 1997.  Joining him was his second wife, former lawyer+- Nane Lagergren of Sweden.  She is the niece of the diplomat Raoul Wallenberg (1912 – 1947), who saved thousands of European Jews from the German Nazis during World War II (1937 – 45), when American-led forces fought against Germany, Italy and Japan.  Annan and Lagergren were married in 1985.  The couple had one child.

END NOTES

1.    “Kofi Annan, “The Man to Save the World”, Saga Magazine, November, 2002.

2.    Akan Dictionary entry for Kofi at dictionary.  Kasaborow.com.

3.    Kofi Anan – Center of the Storm life map.  A chief’s son PBS.

4.    “The MIT ISO:  15a “Ideas, inventions, and innovators, that helped shape our world”.  The Boston Globe, May 15, 2011.

5.    “UN Chief’s Rwanda genocide regret”.  BBC News 26 March, 2004.  http/news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/3573229.stm.

.


TYPE IN YOUR TOPIC AND CLICK SEARCH.






RESEARCHWAP.COM

Researchwap.com is an online repository for free project topics and research materials, articles and custom writing of research works. We’re an online resource centre that provides a vast database for students to access numerous research project topics and materials. Researchwap.com guides and assist Postgraduate, Undergraduate and Final Year Students with well researched and quality project topics, topic ideas, research guides and project materials. We’re reliable and trustworthy, and we really understand what is called “time factor”, that is why we’ve simplified the process so that students can get their research projects ready on time. Our platform provides more educational services, such as hiring a writer, research analysis, and software for computer science research and we also seriously adhere to a timely delivery.

TESTIMONIES FROM OUR CLIENTS


Please feel free to carefully review some written and captured responses from our satisfied clients.

  • "Exceptionally outstanding. Highly recommend for all who wish to have effective and excellent project defence. Easily Accessable, Affordable, Effective and effective."

    Debby Henry George, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, USA.
  • "I saw this website on facebook page and I did not even bother since I was in a hurry to complete my project. But I am totally amazed that when I visited the website and saw the topic I was looking for and I decided to give a try and now I have received it within an hour after ordering the material. Am grateful guys!"

    Hilary Yusuf, United States International University Africa, Nairobi, Kenya.
  • "Researchwap.com is a website I recommend to all student and researchers within and outside the country. The web owners are doing great job and I appreciate them for that. Once again, thank you very much "researchwap.com" and God bless you and your business! ."

    Debby Henry George, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, USA.
  • "I love what you guys are doing, your material guided me well through my research. Thank you for helping me achieve academic success."

    Sampson, University of Nigeria, Nsukka.
  • "researchwap.com is God-sent! I got good grades in my seminar and project with the help of your service, thank you soooooo much."

    Cynthia, Akwa Ibom State University .
  • "Great User Experience, Nice flows and Superb functionalities.The app is indeed a great tech innovation for greasing the wheels of final year, research and other pedagogical related project works. A trial would definitely convince you."

    Lamilare Valentine, Kwame Nkrumah University, Kumasi, Ghana.
  • "Sorry, it was in my spam folder all along, I should have looked it up properly first. Please keep up the good work, your team is quite commited. Am grateful...I will certainly refer my friends too."

    Elizabeth, Obafemi Awolowo University
  • "Am happy the defense went well, thanks to your articles. I may not be able to express how grateful I am for all your assistance, but on my honour, I owe you guys a good number of referrals. Thank you once again."

    Ali Olanrewaju, Lagos State University.
  • "My Dear Researchwap, initially I never believed one can actually do honest business transactions with Nigerians online until i stumbled into your website. You have broken a new legacy of record as far as am concerned. Keep up the good work!"

    Willie Ekereobong, University of Port Harcourt.
  • "WOW, SO IT'S TRUE??!! I can't believe I got this quality work for just 3k...I thought it was scam ooo. I wouldn't mind if it goes for over 5k, its worth it. Thank you!"

    Theressa, Igbinedion University.
  • "I did not see my project topic on your website so I decided to call your customer care number, the attention I got was epic! I got help from the beginning to the end of my project in just 3 days, they even taught me how to defend my project and I got a 'B' at the end. Thank you so much researchwap.com, infact, I owe my graduating well today to you guys...."

    Joseph, Abia state Polytechnic.
  • "My friend told me about ResearchWap website, I doubted her until I saw her receive her full project in less than 15 miniutes, I tried mine too and got it same, right now, am telling everyone in my school about researchwap.com, no one has to suffer any more writing their project. Thank you for making life easy for me and my fellow students... Keep up the good work"

    Christiana, Landmark University .
  • "I wish I knew you guys when I wrote my first degree project, it took so much time and effort then. Now, with just a click of a button, I got my complete project in less than 15 minutes. You guys are too amazing!."

    Musa, Federal University of Technology Minna
  • "I was scared at first when I saw your website but I decided to risk my last 3k and surprisingly I got my complete project in my email box instantly. This is so nice!!!."

    Ali Obafemi, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Niger State.
  • To contribute to our success story, send us a feedback or please kindly call 2348037664978.
    Then your comment and contact will be published here also with your consent.

    Thank you for choosing researchwap.com.